To probe the W tb vertex structure, top-quark and W -boson polarisation observables are measured from t-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb −1 , recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a b-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate t-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the W boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and W -boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling g R are also set from model-independent measurements. The ATLAS collaboration 33
IntroductionAt hadron colliders, top quarks are predominantly produced in pairs (tt) via the flavourconserving strong interaction, but single top-quark production can occur via chargedcurrent electroweak processes involving a W tb vertex. At leading order in QCD perturbation theory, three sub-processes contribute to single top-quark production: an exchange of a virtual W boson either in the t-channel or in the s-channel, or the associated production of a top quark with an on-shell W boson (W t). The t-channel and s-channel processes do not interfere at next-to-leading-order in QCD and are thus well defined with that precision [1]. In proton-proton (pp) collisions, the t-channel exchange, depicted in figure 1, is the dominant production process of single top quarks. The exchange of a space-like W boson due to the interaction of a light quark with a b-quark produces a top quark and a forward light-quark (called the spectator quark) in the final state. Furthermore, as a consequence of the vector minus axial-vector (V-A) form of the W tb vertex in the Standard Model, the Figure 1. Leading-order Feynman diagram for t-channel production of single top quarks in pp collisions. In the depicted four-flavour scheme (2 → 3 process) the initial b-quark arises from a gluon splitting into a bb pair.produced top quarks are highly polarised, in particular along the direction of the spectatorquark momentum [2,3]. Within the Standard Model the top quark decays through the electroweak interaction into an on-shell W boson and a b-quark, with a lifetime much shorter than the time scale necessary to depolarise the spin. The information on the top-quark spin can thus be obtained from its decay products. The produced real W boson also possesses a polarisation (or helicity state), which can be extracted from angular ...