Electron relaxation phenomena on a copper surface via nonlinear ultrashort single-photon photoelectric emission

Papadogiannis, N. A.; Moustaizis, S.; Girardeau-Montaut, J.P.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/30/17/004

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Fowler-DuBridge photoemission model, which was developed in the 1930s, has also successfully predicted photoemission from other materials. 31,32 In the present work, we employ a slightly different adaptation of the Fowler-DuBridge model that incorporates three significant modifications. First, the present formulation emphasizes the similarity between photoemission and thermionic emission; second, it avoids the necessity of using different calculations for cases in which the photon energy is greater than or less than the emitter's work function; and third, the present formulation does not rely on extensive integration approximations that in some situations compromise the precision of results.…”

Section: B Photoemissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo- and thermionic emission from potassium-intercalated carbon nanotube arrays

Westover

Franklin

Cola

et al. 2010

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates to create new thermionic- and photoemission materials. Intercalation of CNTs with alkali metals, such as potassium, greatly reduces their work functions, and the low electron scattering rates of small-diameter CNTs offer the possibility of efficient photoemission. This work uses a Nd:YAG (YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet) laser to irradiate single- and multiwalled CNTs intercalated with potassium, and the resultant energy distributions of photo- and thermionic emitted electrons are measured using a hemispherical electron energy analyzer over a wide range of temperatures. For both single- and multiwalled CNTs intercalated with potassium, the authors observe a temperature dependent work function that has a minimum of approximately 2.0 eV at approximately 600 K. At temperatures above 600 K, the measured work function values increase with temperature presumably due to deintercalation of potassium atoms. Laser illumination causes the magnitudes of collected electron energy distributions to increase substantially but in many cases has little effect on their shape. Simple theoretical models are also developed that relate the photo- and thermionic emission processes and indicate that large numbers of photoexcited electrons partially thermalize (i.e., undergo one or more scattering events) before escaping from the emitter surface.

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Section: B Photoemissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo- and thermionic emission from potassium-intercalated carbon nanotube arrays

Westover

Franklin

Cola

et al. 2010

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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“…[34][35][36][37][38][39] An account of procedures, developed to simulate dispenser photocathodes and metals, 30,40 are summarized here. [34][35][36][37][38][39] An account of procedures, developed to simulate dispenser photocathodes and metals, 30,40 are summarized here.…”

Section: A Heat Diffusion Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron temperature is designated by T e , the lattice temperature by T i ͑following the notation of Papadogiannis et al 38 ͒. The electron temperature is designated by T e , the lattice temperature by T i ͑following the notation of Papadogiannis et al 38 ͒.…”

Section: A Heat Diffusion Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time dependent models of field-assisted photoemission

Jensen¹,

Feldman²,

O’Shea³

2005

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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A photoemission model for low work function coated metal surfaces and its experimental validationA time-dependent model of photoemission, developed to analyze current from and laser heating of metals and dispenser photocathodes, is here applied to examine the impact of geometrical field enhancement and the contribution of tunneling to the photocurrent from a tungsten needle in terms of temporal response, quantum efficiency, and cathode performance. First, a review is given of an updated Fowler-Dubridge model of quantum efficiency including quantum mechanical effects. Second, a prolate spheroidal model of a tungsten needle is given to determine applied fields and incident angles necessary to evaluate emitted current and laser heating effects. Third, a time-dependent model of laser heating of an electron distribution is given which affects the photoemitted current and ͑if conditions are right͒ gives field and thermal components as well. Finally, the methodology is related to the experimental findings of Garcia and Brau ͓Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 483, 273 ͑2002͔͒, in which an intense laser illuminates a tungsten needle under sufficiently high fields that the photoemitted current contains field and thermal emission components and effects.

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“…Previously reported multiphoton emission experiments [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have been on metals with work functions of 4 -5 eV and with shorter laser pulse lengths ͑generally 100-450 fs or smaller͒. In most of these studies, the incident photons had energies greater than the work functions of the target metals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron temperature may be calculated theoretically using a steady-state approximation to the coupled differential equations governing electron and lattice temperature. 17 It can be shown that…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%