Electron spin resonance studies of intact mammalian skeletal muscle

Jackson, Malcolm J.; Edwards, R. H. T.; Symons, Martyn C. R.

doi:10.1016/0167-4889(85)90019-9

Cited by 254 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since tissues were taken immediately from exhaustively exercised rats and the free radicals were identified as semiquinone (g = 2.004), the origin of the free radicals detected in the study was presumably mitochondria. Although several other authors also reported increased free radical generation in various tissue samples from exercised animals in vivo (17,18) and in vitro (19), the source of the free radicals were not identified. In an isolated diaphragm preparation, Reid et al (20) demonstrated the oxidation of dichlorofluoroscin (DCF) in the muscle when the contraction was at low frequency.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

Leichtweis

1997

AGE

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Strenuous exercise is characterized by increased oxygen consumption and the disturbance between intracellular pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis. At lease three biochemical pathways (i.e., mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, and polymorphoneutrophil) have been identified as potential sources of intracellular free radical generation during exercise. These deleterious reactive oxygen species pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system, such as diminished reserves of antioxidant vitamins and glutathione. However, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have demonstrated great versitility and adaptability in response to acute and chronic exercise. The delicate balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants suggests that supplementation with antioxidants may be desirable for physically active individuals under certain physiological conditions by providing a larger protective margin.

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Section: Mitochondrial Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

Leichtweis

1997

AGE

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“…Dillard et al 1978;Davies et al 1982;Jackson et al 1985). This increase in ROS activity appears to be in major part due to generation by contracting skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Generates a Number Of Reactive Oxygen Speciementioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species and redox-regulation of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise

Jackson

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

110

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Skeletal muscle has been shown to generate a complex set of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) both at rest and during contractile activity. The primary ROS generated are superoxide and nitric oxide and the pattern and magnitude of their generation is influenced by the nature of the contractile activity. It is increasingly clear that the ROS generated by skeletal muscle play an important role in influencing redox-regulated processes that control, at least some of, the adaptive responses to contractile activity. These processes are also recognized to be modified during ageing and in some disease states, providing the potential that interventions affecting ROS activity may influence muscle function or viability in these situations.

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“…Exercise is associated with increases in both ATP requirements and aerobic and/or anaerobic metabolism, which result in higher levels of ROS and RNS (Davis et al, 1982;Jackson et al, 1985;Viguie et al, 1993;Inoue et al, 1993;Sen, 1995;Nojima et al, 2008). Thus, when exercise is strenuous it causes oxidative stress and cell damage, but when done in moderation, it increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes (Gomez-Cabrera et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of an aerobic training program on oxidative stress biomarkers in bulls

Escribano¹,

Túnez²,

Requena³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training (16 weeks -T1 and 24 weeks -T2) on oxidative stress biomarkers. To this end, GSH, GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activity were analysed in plasma. Nine bulls (3-4 years), were included in this work. The exercise training protocol was performed in a track ("taurodromo") three days per week for 24 weeks and consisted of 400 m warming up, 1200 m to 4-5 m/s, two minutes' resting, 1200 m to 4-5 m/s and, finally, 400 m walking. The results reflected that GSH-Px activity was higher at T1 (6.18 ± 0.45) than at baseline (T0; 2.31 ± 0.08) while the GSH level (2.98 ± 0.37) was lower vs. T0 (14.59 ± 3.40). Moreover, there were significant increases in GSH-Px (18.23 ± 1.36) and CAT (2.52 ± 0.04) activities and the recovery of basal values in GSH (11.75 ± 2.84) in T2. In conclusion, the type of training carried out in this study involved two well-defined stages: (i) a period of perturbation, followed by (ii) adaptation. The former stage was characterised by the induction of oxidative stress manifested as a decrease in the GSH, and the latter (T2) by the recovery of this non-enzymatic antioxidant.

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Electron spin resonance studies of intact mammalian skeletal muscle

Cited by 254 publications

References 5 publications

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

Reactive oxygen species and redox-regulation of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise

Effects of an aerobic training program on oxidative stress biomarkers in bulls

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