Bismuth
metallic nanoparticles have evoked considerable interest
in catalysis owing to their small size, high surface area-to-volume
ratio, and low toxicity. However, the need for toxic reductants and
organic solvents in their synthesis often limits their desirability
for application development. Here, we describe a green strategy to
synthesize bismuth nanodots via the redox reactions between bismuth
nitrate and d-glucose, in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
in the basic aqueous phase. Both reagents play a crucial role in the
formation of monodisperse bismuth nanodots acting as mild reducing
and capping agents, respectively. We further demonstrate that the
catalytic activity of these dots via the successful reduction of the
environmental contaminant 4-nitrophenol to its useful 4-aminophenol
analogue requiring only 36 μg/mL nanocatalyst for 20 mM of the
substrate. Moreover, they can be recovered and recycled in multiple
reactions before the onset of an appreciable loss of catalytic activity.
The proposed facile synthetic route and inexpensive matrix materials
lead the way to access bismuth nanodots for both the fundamental study
of reactions and their industrial catalysis applications.