Electron-yield saturation effects in<b><i>L</i></b>-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe, Co, and Ni

Nakajima, Reiko; Stöhr, J.; Idzerda, Y. U.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.6421

Cited by 492 publications

(401 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…46,47 Recording absorption spectra in transmission circumvents the need for postexperimental corrections as is sometimes necessary in fluorescence and electron yield spectroscopy modes. 48,49 In addition, transmission experiments are not affected by potential distortions of the spectral shape due to energy dependent yield channels, which can significantly affect fluorescence yield spectra. 31 Transmission spectroscopy also serves to quantify absolute x-ray absorption cross sections and from our measurements we calculate a peak absorption crosssection at 708.5 eV of (1.0±0.3)·10 -17 cm 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Induced Spin-State Conversion in Solvated Transition Metal Complexes Probed via Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

et al. 2010

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Solution-phase photo-induced low-spin to high-spin conversion in the Fe II polypyridyl complex [Fe(tren(py) 3 )] 2+ (where tren(py) 3 is tris(2-pyridylmethylimino-ethyl)amine) has been studied via picosecond soft x-ray spectroscopy. Following 1 A 1 → 1 MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excitation at 560 nm, changes in the iron L 2 and L 3 edges were observed concomitant with formation of the transient high-spin 5 T 2 state. Charge-transfer multiplet calculations coupled with data acquired on low-spin and high-spin model complexes revealed a reduction in ligand field splitting of ~1 eV in the high-spin state relative to the singlet ground state. A significant reduction in orbital overlap between the central Fe-3d and the ligand N-2p orbitals was directly observed, consistent with the expected ca. 0.2 Å increase in Fe-N bond length upon formation of the high-spin state. The overall occupancy of the Fe 3d-orbitals remains constant upon spin-crossover, suggesting that the reduction in σ-donation is compensated by significant attenuation of π-back-bonding in the metal-ligand interactions. These results demonstrate the feasibility and unique potential of time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy to study ultrafast reactions in the liquid phase by directly probing the valence orbitals of first-row metals as well as lighter elements during the course of photochemical transformations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Induced Spin-State Conversion in Solvated Transition Metal Complexes Probed via Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

et al. 2010

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“…The Co magnetic moments were extracted from the XAS and XMCD spectra using the sum rules. 27 Here, we have neglected in the analysis the so called saturation effects 10,28 because these effects are expected to be negligible in thin film structures such as those studied here. The orbital moment L , spin moment S , magnetic dipole term T z , and number of 3d holes n h ͑all per atom͒ in the ground state are related to the integrated intensities of the difference ⌬A 2,3 and sum A 2,3 spectra over the corresponding L 2,3 edges according to 27 L n h = − 4 3…”

Section: B Atomic Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 These results are complemented with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism ͑XMCD͒ measurements that are able to extract the element-specific local magnetic moments. 10 This technique enables a better understanding of the magnetic properties, as it is an atomiclike probe of the magnetism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and capping effects in the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of nanoparticulate Co films

et al. 2008

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Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of Co films are studied as a function of the morphology and the capping layer. We show that the nanoparticulate structure of the Co films has a clear influence on the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the system. Kerr measurements combined with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism provide evidence of a strong correlation between the collective magnetic behavior of the system and the individual atomic magnetic response. The influence of the magnetic nature of the capping layer ͑Al, Au, and Pt͒ is also analyzed. Polarized capping layers, such as Pt, magnetically couple the nanostructures and not only increase the effective anisotropy of the system but also enhance the atomic magnetic moment of Co and the global magneto-optical activity.

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“…The effect becomes stronger at larger incidence angles θ i (grazing incidence) because of the proportionality of λ x with the cosine of θ i . The relation between the TEY detected and normalized to the incident beam I θ i exp and the absorption coefficient μ θ i (E) is [73] …”

Section: Appendix: Analysis Procedures Of Xmcd Spectra Saturation Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the nonresonant part of the spectra [74],μ(E), and to try different values of λ e close to the expected value according to the concentrations of the analyzed alloys [23,73,75,76]. The chosen values for λ e ranged from 33Å in NC10 to 19Å in NC.…”

Section: Appendix: Analysis Procedures Of Xmcd Spectra Saturation Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

et al. 2017

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The origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in amorphous Nd x Co 1−x thin films is investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy at the Co L 2,3 and Nd M 4,5 edges. The magnetic orbital and spin moments of the 3d cobalt and 4f neodymium electrons were measured as a function of the magnetic field orientation, neodymium concentration, and temperature. In all the studied samples, the magnetic anisotropy of the neodymium subnetwork is always oriented perpendicular to the plane, whereas the anisotropy of the orbital moment of cobalt is in the basal plane. The ratio L z /S z of the neodymium 4f orbitals changes with the sample orientation angle, being higher and closer to the atomic expected value at normal orientation and smaller at grazing angles. This result is well explained by assuming that the 4f orbital is distorted by the effect of an anisotropic crystal field when it is magnetized along its hard axis, clearly indicating that the 4f states are not rotationally invariant. The magnetic anisotropy energy associated to the neodymium subnetwork should be proportional to this distortion, which we demonstrate is accessible by applying the XMCD sum rules for the spin and intensity at the Nd M 4,5 edges. The analysis unveils a significant portion of neodymium atoms magnetically uncoupled to cobalt, i.e., paramagnetic, confirming the inhomogeneity of the films and the presence of a highly disordered neodymium rich phase already detected by extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The presence of these inhomogeneities is inherent to the evaporation preparation method when the chosen concentration in the alloy is far from its eutectic concentrations. An interesting consequence of the particular way in which cobalt and neodymium segregates in this system is the enhancement of the cobalt spin moment which reaches 1.95 μ B in the sample with the largest segregation.

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Electron-yield saturation effects inL-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe, Co, and Ni

Cited by 492 publications

References 40 publications

Photo-Induced Spin-State Conversion in Solvated Transition Metal Complexes Probed via Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

Photo-Induced Spin-State Conversion in Solvated Transition Metal Complexes Probed via Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

Morphology and capping effects in the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of nanoparticulate Co films

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

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