Electronic Materials

Warnes, Lionel

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21045-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…[1,2] When the applied voltage on a device exceeds a limit, called the breakdown voltage, the resistance of an insulator will rapidly decrease so that it becomes temporary or permanently conductive. [3] One familiar example of this phenomenon is lightning during thunderstorms.…”

Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface

Tea¹,

Huang²,

Hin³

2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The dielectric breakdown at metal-oxide interfaces is a critical electronic device failure mechanism. Electronic tunneling through dielectric layers is a well-accepted explanation for this phenomenon. Theoretical band alignment studies, providing information about tunneling, have already been conducted in the literature for metal-oxide interfaces. However, most of the time materials were assumed defect free. Oxygen vacancies being very common in oxides, their effect on band lineup is of prime importance in understanding electron tunneling in realistic materials and devices. This work explores the effect of oxygen vacancy and oxygen di-vacancy at the Al/SiO 2 interface on the band line up within Density Functional Theory using PBE0 hybrid exchange and correlation functional. It is found that the presence of defects at the interface, and their charge state, strongly alters the band line up.

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Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface

Tea¹,

Huang²,

Hin³

2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…A final set of 4,906 markers was retained and imputed using the rrBLUP package A.mat function ( Endelman 2011 ) in R ( R Development Core Team 2018 ). LD between markers was estimated using the genetics package ( Warnes et al 2012 ). The average LD score was estimated to be 0.08, which was then used in estimating the effective sample size ( N e ), according to Sved (1971) :

where

is the expected

for which we used the average LD score of 0.08, and c is the recombination rate among all sites assumed to be 0.5, given that most pairs of sites are on different chromosomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) breeding guided by practices to accelerate genetic gains

Huang

Robbins

et al. 2022

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Though Saccharina japonica cultivation has been established for many decades in East Asian countries, the domestication process of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in the Northeast U.S. is still at its infancy. In this study, by using data from our breeding experience, we will demonstrate how obstacles for accelerated genetic gain can be assessed using simulation approaches that inform resource allocation decisions. Thus far, we have used 140 wild sporophytes (SPs) that were sampled in 2018 from the northern Gulf of Maine (GOM) to southern New England (SNE). From these SPs, we sampled gametophytes (GPs) and made and evaluated over 600 progeny SPs from crosses among the GPs in 2019 and 2020. The biphasic life cycle of kelp gives a great advantage in selective breeding as we can potentially select both on the SPs and GPs. However, several obstacles exist, such as the amount of time it takes to complete a breeding cycle, the number of GPs that can be maintained in the lab, and whether positive selection can be conducted on farm-tested SPs. Using the GOM population characteristics for heritability and effective population size, we simulated a founder population of 1000 individuals and evaluated the impact of overcoming these obstacles on rate of genetic gain. Our results showed that key factors to improve current genetic gain rely mainly on our ability to induce reproduction of the best farm-tested SPs, and to accelerate the clonal vegetative growth of released GPs so that enough GP biomass is ready for making crosses by the next growing season. Overcoming these challenges could improve rates of genetic gain more than two-fold. Future research should focus on conditions favorable for inducing spring reproduction, and on increasing the amount of GP tissue available in time to make fall crosses in the same year.

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“…(2016) with modifications to enable sequencing using Illumina platform (MiSeq or Next‐Seq) sequencers (Aykanat et al., 2020). Five loci were removed from the final analysis due to high linkage ( r > 0.5) using the LD function in the ‘genetics’ package (Warnes, 2012) in R (R Core Team, 2022) (Table S1). Two additional loci were excluded due to low sequencing success (>40% missing data: TN_423, 58%; TN_1088, 45%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐specific overdominance at the maturation vgll3 gene for reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon

Mobley,

Barton,

Ellmén

et al. 2024

Molecular Ecology

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Linking reproductive fitness with adaptive traits at the genomic level can shed light on the mechanisms that produce and maintain sex‐specific selection. Here, we construct a multigenerational pedigree to investigate sex‐specific selection on a maturation gene, vgll3, in a wild Atlantic salmon population. The vgll3 locus is responsible for ~40% of the variation in maturation (sea age at first reproduction). Genetic parentage analysis was conducted on 18,265 juveniles (parr) and 685 adults collected at the same spawning ground over eight consecutive years. A high proportion of females (26%) were iteroparous and reproduced two to four times in their lifetime. A smaller proportion of males (9%) spawned at least twice in their lifetime. Sex‐specific patterns of reproductive fitness were related to vgll3 genotype. Females showed a pattern of overdominance where vgll3*EL genotypes had three‐fold more total offspring than homozygous females. In contrast, males demonstrated that late‐maturing vgll3*LL individuals had two‐fold more offspring than either vgll3*EE or vgll3*EL males. Taken together, these data suggest that balancing selection in females contributes to the maintenance of variation at this locus via increased fitness of iteroparous vgll3*EL females. This study demonstrates the utility of multigenerational pedigrees for uncovering complex patterns of reproduction, sex‐specific selection and the maintenance of genetic variation.

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Electronic Materials

Cited by 9 publications

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First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface

Simulation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) breeding guided by practices to accelerate genetic gains

Sex‐specific overdominance at the maturation vgll3 gene for reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon

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Electronic Materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO2interface

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO2interface

Simulation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) breeding guided by practices to accelerate genetic gains

Sex‐specific overdominance at the maturation vgll3 gene for reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon

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First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface

First principles study of band line up at defective metal-oxide interface: oxygen point defects at Al/SiO₂interface