2018
DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/8/088801
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Electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film

Abstract: ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We have studied the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00±0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5.75±0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly adopt the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…4 , Supplementary Table 1 ) show that the donor polymers lack any preferential orientation. In contrast, ITIC films are preferentially face-on oriented, in agreement with reported results 26 , whereas the IT4F films are more disordered (Supplementary Note 1 ). The D–A interfaces here, and in real devices, thus consist of a mixture of face-on/face-on, edge-on/face-on, and edge-on/edge-on oriented heterojunctions, and it is not obvious which type dominates the observed interface ELA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…4 , Supplementary Table 1 ) show that the donor polymers lack any preferential orientation. In contrast, ITIC films are preferentially face-on oriented, in agreement with reported results 26 , whereas the IT4F films are more disordered (Supplementary Note 1 ). The D–A interfaces here, and in real devices, thus consist of a mixture of face-on/face-on, edge-on/face-on, and edge-on/edge-on oriented heterojunctions, and it is not obvious which type dominates the observed interface ELA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…As expected by C K-edge NEXAFS and GIWAXS results, our findings suggest that for both methods of solvent processing, this molecule adopts a preferential face-on orientation in relation to the ITO substrate, which here is confirmed by the appearance of the π* transition at grazing incidence (20 degrees). The behavior of π* transitions as a function of the angle of incidence of the synchrotron radiation has already been used to obtain information on the orientation of larger conjugated molecules with possible conformations, including the ITIC molecule and also polymers …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…22 For the spin-coated ITIC, two features are observed in the valence band around 2 and 4 eV, which agrees with previous observations for films prepared under similar conditions. 23 The 1.8 nm sprayed ITIC on TiO x displays a shoulder around 4 eV, which could be related to the 4 eV feature observed for spincoated ITIC. The valence band maxima (VBMs) were determined to be 3.43, 3.38, 3.17, and 1.15 eV for bare sputtered TiO x , 0.9 nm ITIC, 1.8 nm ITIC on TiO x , and spin-coated ITIC on gold, respectively.…”
Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 75%