“…In addition, the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in ion-implanted substrates are affected by many parameters, such as ion fluence, current density ͑ion flux͒, implantation temperature, post-implantation annealing temperature, and atmosphere. [5][6][7] Fabrication and annealing effects on optical properties of metallic nickel nanoparticles embedded in silica glass have been studied. [8][9][10] Recently, we have fabricated metallic nickel nanoparticles embedded in a sapphire ͑␣-Al 2 O 3 ͒ single crystal and observed a broad absorption band peaked at 400 nm, which has been ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance absorption of Ni nanoparticles.…”