Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation

Woodington, Ben J.; Curto, Vincenzo F.; Yu, Y. L.; Martínez-Domínguez, Héctor; Coles, Lawrence; Malliaras, George G.; Proctor, Christopher M.; Barone, Damiano G.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg7833

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[ 86 ] The former is less invasive and easier to implant, but the latter one has a better stimulation effect. [ 545 ] In an example, Figure 15C shows a paddle‐like neural implant named “e‐dura”, which can have long‐term biological integration in the central nervous system of spinal cord. [ 546 ] This spinal location allows for multitype stimulations, like electrical modulation and local drug application, to alleviate the neurological defects for a long time.…”

Section: Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

2022

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Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics would make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which could potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible humanmachine interfaces are summarized by recent and renown applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.

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Section: Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

2022

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“…[219,220] Depending on whether the cervical, lumbar, or thoracic regions of the spinal cord are being targeted, the arrangement and properties of the electrodes can change, as well as the overall thickness of the device to enable it to be more or less conformable. [14,172,221] Devices for the brain tend to be thinner and thus with a lower bending stiffness than those used for the spinal cord. The brain geometry is more complex than the spinal cord and is modeled more as a sphere than a cylinder, and with a Gaussian curvature closer to one.…”

Section: Devices For the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain geometry is more complex than the spinal cord and is modeled more as a sphere than a cylinder, and with a Gaussian curvature closer to one. [214,221] Because the neurons located in the brain are organized in specific patterns at higher spatial resolution, the electrodes of an ECoG are typically smaller in diameter and denser than for spinal cord applications. Somatotopic maps have been used to delineate how different parts of the body, such as individual digit movement in the hand or somatosensory feedback in the trunk, correspond to a distinct location on the cortical surface.…”

Section: Devices For the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions

Tringides

Mooney

2022

Advanced Materials

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with the outermost layer of biological tissues, often spanning a significant surface area. Devices typically have multiple electrodes that aim to monitor and modulate cells and tissues in a minimally invasive manner, using biomaterials designed to evoke minimal inflammatory responses. Applications of Surface Electrode Arrays RecordingBecause surface electrode arrays can record a "snapshot" of the electrical activity at distinct locations, these arrays are useful to monitor the function of a tissue. Though the recordings are typically local field potentials, with electrodes that are small enough to modulate as little of a location as possible while still maintaining a sufficiently high conductivity, single units from individual cells have been reported. Clinically, these recordings are used to map the epicardial surface to identify instances, and potentially mechanisms, of chronic atrial fibrillation, [1] dysfunction of ventricular tachycardia caused by congenital defects, [2] and other abnormal conduction conditions in the cardiac system. Clinical electrocorticogram (ECoG) is used to identify similar functional changes on the cortical surface of the brain, most commonly to identify epileptic focal center(s), or detect seizure activity. [3][4][5][6][7] Other functional uses of ECoG include intraoperative monitoring during tumor resection. [8] A surgeon can ask a patient to perform an activity such as a speech and then identify and avoid the active cortical regions during surgery, to avoid major disruptions to the patient quality of life. StimulationInstead of passively monitoring electrical activity, multielectrode surface arrays can provide electrical current to the underlying tissue and induce a desired excitatory or inhibitory response. The applications for stimulating surface electrode arrays are often therapeutic and include implantable pacemakers, which restore a normal cardiac rhythm by providing external and overriding cues to the cardiomyocytes responsible for establishing a sinus rhythm. [9] Pulses delivered to specific regions of the spinal cord are used to manage chronic pain, [10][11][12] and more recently as a therapy to promote neuronal plasticity in Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first r...

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“…9 Moreover, as implantable devices, ultrathin electronic devices can also minimize the invasive reactions to realize long-term monitoring. 10,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and emerging opportunities in transistor-based ultrathin electronics: design and fabrication for healthcare applications

Shao

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions

Challenges and emerging opportunities in transistor-based ultrathin electronics: design and fabrication for healthcare applications

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