Electroösmotic Water Transport Across Ion-Exchange Membranes

Tombalakian, A. S.; Barton, H. J.; Graydon, W. F.

doi:10.1021/j100812a010

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The effect of membrane hydration and ion size on apparent electroosmotic solvent flow reported in this paper agrees with previous reports by others [3,4,7,10,11]. We believe much of this earlier literature concerning current-induced solution flow must be treated with caution, however.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ion-mediated water flow

1973

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The electroosmotic flows of solution produced by the chloride salts of H, Na, K, tetramethylammonium (TMA) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) through three membranes of net negative charge and high water content (40 to 60 %) have been obtained. The amount of solution transported, (EOs) , increased in the order: HC1, KC1, NaC1, TMAC1 and TEAC1 in a membrane of 43 % hydration. In membranes 60% hydrated the order became HC1, KC1, NaC1, TEAC1 and TMAC1. (EOs) for a salt increased as membrane hydration became larger. The permselectivity of the three membranes for cations declined in the order: HC1, KC1 = NaC1, TMAC1 and TEAC1. Cation permselectivity also declined with increases in membrane hydration. The (EOs) is a net solution flow and is the difference between the cation-induced water flow and the chlorideinduced water flow in the opposite direction. In membranes of moderate to high HzO content, co-ion transport is significant and thewater-flow associatedwithco-ionmovement must be determined if the contribution of the counter-ion ( [EO]c,,t~o,,) to the (EO~) is to be found. Cl-ion induced water flow was determined by assuming an identity of K and C1 ions. lEO]cation increased as the hydrated radii of the cations increased and for any particular cation [EO]eatlo n was at least 100% greater in the 60% hydrated membrane than in the 43 % hydrated membrane. The current-induced water flow was found to be composed of both an electroosmotic and an osmotic component. The latter represented between 10 and 40 % of the total water flow.Ion-mediated water flow, which is the result of frictional interactions between ions and water, may be of physiologic importance. One example of ion-mediated water flow is electroosmosis, which occurs when an electric current is applied across an ion-exchange membrane separating two electrolytic solutions. In permselective membranes, the counter-ion is responsible for completing the circuit. The ion as it moves through the membrane imparts

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ion-mediated water flow

1973

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“…The relations (10) and (11) have been extensively applied by Rastogi et al [18][19][20][21] and Blokhra et al [22][23][24][25] for various systems. The electro -osmotic data have been analysed as described [23].…”

Section: Phenomenological Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Eqs. (11,13), 7 12 can be calculated by --'»*· α«) ,.. The streaming potential Δ Φ 5 corresponding to the pressure difference Δ Ρ has been found to vary linearly for the different concentrations of the solutes.…”

Section: Phenomenological Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results using highly charged membranes have so far not been carried out. Lakshminarayaniah [10] and Tombalakian et al [11] examined the dependence of transport numbers of water in aqueous solutions on current density using ion-exchange membrane. It is expected that the electrical double layer in highly charged membranes would be more sensitive to the change in characteristics depending on the nature of the permeants which would naturally be reflected in transport properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transport Studies with Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Thiourea Across an Ionexchange Membrane

Blokhra¹,

Parmar²,

Sidhu³

1983

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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Experimental results for the measurement of hydrodynamic permeability, electro-osmotic velocity, electro-osmostic pressure and streaming potential for different aqueous solutions of urea and thiourea across the cation-exchange membrane (Indion 236, Sd fine chemicals, India) at 30 °C and voltages up to 25 V are reported. The results have been analysed in the light of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The cation-exchange membrane has been characterised in terms of effective cross-sectional area, equivalent pore radius, and frictional coefficient. The permeability coefficient L P , has been found to be independent of the hydraulic pressure but is a characteristic property of the membrane and depends upon the concentration of the solute. The reflection coefficient σ, has also been evaluated. Onsager's reciprocity relation has not been found to hold well and this may be attributed to the higher polarization in case of electro-osmosis and also to the highly charged character of the membrane. The efficiencies of maximum electro-kinetic energy conversion took place at half the value of the electroosmotic pressure in each case but the value of maximum energy conversion has been found to be different in both cases thereby also indicating the non-validity of Onsager's reciprocity relation.

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“…The first of these has been treated quite extensively in the literature, (23^, (24), (25), (26), (27) but there has been little done concerning the others, (28) The objective of this task is to obtain additional knowledge in the areas mentioned above. Reported here are experimental results from the measurement of the hydrodynamic permeabilities of a series of polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes of various ion exchange capacities.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Maget¹

1963

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Electroösmotic Water Transport Across Ion-Exchange Membranes

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Ion-mediated water flow

Ion-mediated water flow

Transport Studies with Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Thiourea Across an Ionexchange Membrane

Ion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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