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A study of the interchange of hydrogen ion with various cations across polystyrene sulphonic acid ion‐exchange membranes has been made. The effects of membrane exchange capacity and crosslinking, solution concentration, temperature, counter ion valence and size on mass transfer rates were determined. The results indicated that ion and water transports across the membrane were dependent on the membrane water content, the ion concentration of the membrane, and the membrane ionic form. The mass transfer rates were relatively insensitive to change in external solution concentration.

A study of the diffusion of binary organic liquid mixtures across a polyethylene membrane, induced by pressure and chemical potentials, has been made. The volume flows have been interpreted using the theory of irreversible thermodynamics in terms of a linear phenomenological equation. This relationship has been used to estimate the magnitudes of the phenomenological coefficients for volume flow across the membrane. The reflection coefficient, which is a measure of the membrane selectivity, has been evaluated for the various interdiffusing species. The dependence of the phenomenological and reflection coefficients on temperature for the various binary organic liquid systems has been determined.

Direct measurements of electromotive force and transport numbers for sodium ion and water have been made across polystyrenesulfonic acid ion-exchange membranes separating different solutions of sodium chloride over a wide range of external solution concentration.The results indicate that the electrochemical potentials corresponding to the reversible transport of sodium chloride and water may be measured with a reasonably high degree of precision using polystyrenesulfonic acid ion-exchange membranes even in highly concentrated solutions. The measured electrical transference numbers for sodium ion verify the estimates of transference numbers which have been made from ion-interchange fluxes obtained in counterdiffusion experiments across the same membrane separating isotonic solutions of sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid using the Nernst-Planck equation.Ag,AgCl|NaCl(mI)|membrane|NaCl(mII)|AgCl,Ag