Electrophoretic deposition under modulated electric fields: a review

Ammam, Malika

doi:10.1039/c2ra01342h

Cited by 175 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The problem with large particles, with a diameter greater than~20 lm, is the tendency to undergo sedimentation. [36] It is difficult to obtain uniform deposition from a sedimenting suspension of large particles. [37] Therefore, continuous stirring of suspensions containing large particles is required during the coating deposition.…”

Section: A Electrophoretic Codeposition Of Sgg and Peekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

Moskalewicz

Zych

Łukaszczyk

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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In this study, microporous composite sol-gel glass/polyetheretherketone (SGG/PEEK) coatings were produced on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition. Coatings with different levels of high open porosity were developed by introducing SGG particles of varying diameters into the PEEK matrix. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The coatings with 40-50 lm thickness were composed of semicrystalline SGG particles consisting of hydroxyapatite, CaSiO 3 , some Ca 2 SiO 4 , and an amorphous phase containing Ca, Si, P, and O, homogeneously embedded in a semicrystalline PEEK matrix. The size of SGG particles present in the coatings strongly influenced the formation of microcracks and their adhesion to the underlying substrate. Microscratch tests showed that the coating containing SGG particles with a diameter smaller than 45 lm and open porosity of 45 pct exhibited good adhesion to the titanium alloy substrate, much better than the coating containing particles with a diameter smaller than 85 lm and total open porosity equal to 48 pct. The corrosion resistance was investigated in Ringer's solution at a temperature of 310 K (37°C) for a pH equal to 7.4 and in deaerated solutions with the use of open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The SGG/PEEK-coated alloy indicated better electrochemical corrosion resistance compared with the uncoated alloy.

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Section: A Electrophoretic Codeposition Of Sgg and Peekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

Moskalewicz

Zych

Łukaszczyk

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…19,20 Generally, powder materials are suspended in a chemically inert solvent and are transported under the inuence of a direct-current electric eld towards the supporting electrode. [19][20][21][22][23] The key parameter in EPD is the velocity of the particles which determines the deposition rate and is dependent on the physical properties of the solvent. In the case of ZnO:Co, the inuence of varied organic solvent on the properties of the resulting electrodes has not yet been sufficiently explored.…”

Section: -16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized immobilization of ZnO:Co electrocatalysts realizes 5% efficiency in photo-assisted splitting of water

et al. 2016

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Organic solvents with varied electrophoretic mobility have been employed for deposition of nanocrystalline ZnO:Co particles onto fluorinated tin oxide supports. Evaluation of the electrochemical activity for the oxygen evolution reaction proves a clear solvent-dependence with highest activity upon deposition from acetonitrile and lowest activity upon deposition from ethanol. Analysis of the resulting layer thickness and density attributes the improved electrochemical activity of acetonitrile-prepared samples to larger film thicknesses with lower film densities, i.e. to films with higher porosity. The findings suggest that the ZnO:Co films represent an initially nanocrystalline system where the catalytic activity is predominantly confined to a thin surface region rather than to comprise the entire volume. Closer inspection of this surface region proves successive in operando transformation of the nanocrystalline to an amorphous phase during evolution of oxygen. Furthermore, less active but highly transparent ZnO:Co phases, prepared from ethanol-containing suspensions, can be successfully employed in a stacking configuration with a low-cost triple-junction solar cell. Thereby, a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 5.0% in splitting of water at pH 14 could be realized. In contrast, highly light-absorbing acetonitrile/acetone-prepared samples limit the efficiency to about 1%, demonstrating thus the decisive influence of the used organic solvent upon electrophoretic deposition. Stability investigations over several days finally prove that the modular architecture, applied here, represents an attractive approach for coupling of highly active electrocatalysts with efficient photovoltaic devices.

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“…This observation is also consistent with a key point in a literature review by Malika Ammam, stressing that in poorly conductive solvents, the low frequency AC signals with small amplitudes contribute little to the effect of Joule heating and, hence, the electrothermal flow. 28 In summary, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using AC signal to modulate the patterning of concentric rings of polystyrene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles from evaporating droplets. The spacing of the rings and the patterned areas can be manipulated by tuning the frequencies of applied AC signal.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric rings of polystyrene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles patterned by alternating current signal guided coffee ring effect

Lin

Xia

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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The authors studied the surface deposition of nanoparticles by introducing an alternating current (AC) signal into the millimeter-sized nanoparticle droplet. For both polystyrene (PS) in deionized (DI) water and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in toluene, the nanoparticles self-assembled into regular concentric rings over a larger area on the substrate during the droplet drying process. The patterned area decreased, and the inter-ring spacing increased with higher AC frequencies for the TiO2/toluene system, while those for the PS/DI water system only changed slightly. The frequency dependent pattern formation was interpreted by the interaction between different factors such as capillary flow and the AC signal introduced dielectrophoresis force.

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Electrophoretic deposition under modulated electric fields: a review

Cited by 175 publications

References 87 publications

Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

Optimized immobilization of ZnO:Co electrocatalysts realizes 5% efficiency in photo-assisted splitting of water

Concentric rings of polystyrene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles patterned by alternating current signal guided coffee ring effect

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