Electrophoretic karyotyping as a taxonomic tool in the genusSaccharomyces

Vaughan-Martini, Ann; Martini, Alessandro; Cardinali, Gianluigi

doi:10.1007/bf00872389

Cited by 117 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that the species of Saccharomyces sensu stricto exhibit relatively homogeneous karyotypes compared with those of species of Saccharomyces sensu lato (Vaughan-Martini et al, 1993;Fischer et al, 2000;Naumov et al, 1992Naumov et al, , 1995Petersen et al, 1999;Lu et al, 2004;Wu & Bai, 2005). The electrophoretic karyotypes of strains H-6 T , ZX-15 and ZX-20 bore a superficial resemblance to those of the accepted Saccharomyces species, being consistent with their placement in this genus based on rDNA sequence analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Electrophoretic Karyotypingsupporting

confidence: 65%

Saccharomyces arboricolus sp. nov., a yeast species from tree bark

Wang

Bai

2008

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Three ascomycetous yeast strains, H-6 T , ZX-15 and ZX-20, isolated from the bark of two tree species of the family Fagaceae collected from different regions of China, formed unconjugated and persistent asci containing two to four globose ascospores. 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (including 5.8S rDNA) sequence analysis showed that they were closely related to the currently accepted Saccharomyces species with strong support. Comparisons of the rDNA sequences, electrophoretic karyotypes and physiological characters indicated that the three strains represent a novel species in the genus Saccharomyces. The name Saccharomyces arboricolus sp. nov. was proposed for the novel species, with H-6 T (5AS 2.3317 T 5CBS 10644 T ) isolated from the bark of Quercus fabri as the type strain.Seven species are currently included in the genus Saccharomyces Meyen ex Reess as redefined recently by Kurtzman (2003), based on multigene sequence analysis (Kurtzman & Robnett, 2003). During the investigation of the diversity of ascomycetous yeasts associated with plant materials from China, three strains, H-6 T , ZX-15 and ZX-20, isolated from the bark of broadleaf trees, were found to represent a novel species of the genus Saccharomyces by physiological characterization, rRNA gene sequencing and electrophoretic karyotyping.Yeast strains living in bark were isolated by using the enrichment method. Pieces of bark with or without exudates from independent trees were cut with a sterile scalpel and placed into sterile plastic tubes containing 3 ml liquid enrichment medium. The medium was made according to Sniegowski et al. (2002) with minor modifications, containing (w/v) 0.3 % yeast extract, 0.3 % malt extract, 0.5 % peptone, 0.5 % sucrose, 0.5 % galactose, 7.6 % (v/v) ethanol, 200 mg chloramphenicol ml 21 and 1 ml 1 M HCl per litre. The cultures were incubated at room temperature without shaking for 7 to 14 days. Aliquots (100 ml) of the 10 22 to 10 24 diluted enrichment culture was spread on plate medium made by adding 2 % agar to the liquid enrichment medium. After 2 days incubation at room temperature or 25 u C, colonies with different morphological characters were transferred into malt extract agar slants for further purification and examination.

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Section: Electrophoretic Karyotypingsupporting

confidence: 65%

Saccharomyces arboricolus sp. nov., a yeast species from tree bark

Wang

Bai

2008

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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“…Some species show remarkably stable karyotypes (Boekbout & Bosboom 1991;Vaughan Martini et al 1993). The occurrence of chromosomal length polymorphisms may allow fingerprinting of strains which may benefit epidemiology and the establishment of proprietary rights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of karyotyping in the systematics of yeasts

Boekhout¹,

Renting

Scheffers

et al. 1993

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The use of electrophoretic karyotyping in systematics of yeasts is discussed. New data are provided on the karyotypes of the medically important fungi Hortaea werneckii, Filobasidiella (= Cryptococcus) neoformans, and Malassezia species. Hortaea werneckii has twelve to eighteen bands of chromosomal DNA, ranging in size between 500 and 2300 kb. The karyotypes of Filobasidiella neoformans consist of seven to fourteen bands of chromosomal DNA. The varieties neoformans and bacillispora cannot be separated by their karyotypes, and no obvious correlation was found with serotypes, geography or habitat. All strains of Malasseziapachydermatis studied have similar karyotypes consisting of five bands, whereas in M. furfur, four different karyotypes are prevalent. However, each of these karyotypes is stable.

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“…Because the 41 S. cerevisiae strains can be thought of as one species with regard to the set of probes to which they are able to hybridize, while each of the six non-cerevisiae species is expected to hybridize only to its own set of probes, we adjusted the amount of DNA for all 41 S. cerevisiae strains taken together to be approximately equal to the amount of DNA for each of the single other species. This approach gave a pool with essentially equimolar amounts of each species' genome, because the haploid genome sizes of all seven Saccharomyces species are very similar (Vaughan-Martini et al 1993). As a test, the reference sample pool was labeled and hybridized in both single color (Cy3 dye label only) and ''self-self hybridization'' two-color (Cy3 and Cy5) control experiments; as expected, the pool gave robust hybridization signals for almost every spot on the microarray and was therefore used as the ''reference'' sample for all subsequent experiments (data not shown).…”

Section: Acgh Protocol Using Multispecies Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pan-genome reveals a pool of copy number variants distributed in diverse yeast strains from differing industrial environments

Dunn¹,

Richter²,

Kvitek³

et al. 2012

Genome Res.

205

182

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Although the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is arguably one of the most well-studied organisms on earth, the genome-wide variation within this species—i.e., its “pan-genome”—has been less explored. We created a multispecies microarray platform containing probes covering the genomes of several Saccharomyces species: S. cerevisiae, including regions not found in the standard laboratory S288c strain, as well as the mitochondrial and 2-μm circle genomes–plus S. paradoxus, S. mikatae, S. kudriavzevii, S. uvarum, S. kluyveri, and S. castellii. We performed array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) on 83 different S. cerevisiae strains collected across a wide range of habitats; of these, 69 were commercial wine strains, while the remaining 14 were from a diverse set of other industrial and natural environments. We observed interspecific hybridization events, introgression events, and pervasive copy number variation (CNV) in all but a few of the strains. These CNVs were distributed throughout the strains such that they did not produce any clear phylogeny, suggesting extensive mating in both industrial and wild strains. To validate our results and to determine whether apparently similar introgressions and CNVs were identical by descent or recurrent, we also performed whole-genome sequencing on nine of these strains. These data may help pinpoint genomic regions involved in adaptation to different industrial milieus, as well as shed light on the course of domestication of S. cerevisiae.

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Electrophoretic karyotyping as a taxonomic tool in the genusSaccharomyces

Cited by 117 publications

References 28 publications

Saccharomyces arboricolus sp. nov., a yeast species from tree bark

Saccharomyces arboricolus sp. nov., a yeast species from tree bark

The use of karyotyping in the systematics of yeasts

Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pan-genome reveals a pool of copy number variants distributed in diverse yeast strains from differing industrial environments

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