Electrophysiological and behavioural responses to lactic acid stimuli in larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and permeability of antennal sensilla

Albert, Paul; Zacharuk, R. Y.; Weaver, David K.; McFarlane, J. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00605.x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Such diffusion pathways are, in fact, meant to simulate the fate of taste chemicals entering into the sensilla and interacting with the underlying distal dendrites when the insect is feeding. Similar studies have also been carried on different insect species using the same or other dyes (e.g., Slifer 1954; Schafer and Sanchez 1976; Baker 1987; Albert et al 1993). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fine Structure of the Galeal Styloconic Sensilla of Larval Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Shields

2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Lepidopteran larvae possess two pairs of styloconic sensilla located on the maxillary galea. These sensilla, namely the lateral and medial styloconic sensilla, are each comprised of a smaller cone, which is inserted into a style. They are thought to play an important role in host-plant selection and are the main organs involved in feeding. Ultrastructural examination of these sensilla of fifth instar Lymantria dispar (L.) larvae reveal that they are each approximately 70 um in length and 30 um in width. Each sensillum consists of a single sensory peg inserted into the socket of a large style. Each peg bears a slightly subapical terminal pore averaging 317 nm in lateral and 179 nm in medial sensilla. Each sensillum houses five bipolar neurons. The proximal dendritic segment of each neuron gives rise to an unbranched distal dendritic segment. Four of these dendrites terminate near the tip of the sensillum below the pore and bear ultrastructural features consistent with contact chemosensilla. The fifth distal dendrite terminates near the base of the peg and bears ultrastructural features consistent with mechanosensilla. Thus, these sensilla each bear a bimodal chemo-mechanosensory function. The distal dendrites lie within the dendritic channel and are enclosed by a dendritic sheath. The intermediate and outer sheath cells enclose a large sensillar sinus, whereas the smaller ciliary sinus is enclosed by the inner cell. The neurons are ensheathed successively by the inner, intermediate, and outer sheath cells. Keywords sensillum; gustation; gypsy moth; ultrastructure; styloconic Gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) are major pest defoliators in most of the United States and destroy millions of acres of trees annually. This larva is highly polyphagous and displays a wide host plant preference, feeding on the foliage of hundreds of plants, but favoring leaves of deciduous hardwood trees, such as oak, maple, and sweet gum (Mosher 1915; Liebhold et al. 1995;Shields et al. 2003).Lepidopteran larvae, such as gypsy moth larvae, possess gustatory and olfactory chemosensilla located on the antennae, maxillary palps, and epipharynx, as well as a pair of styloconic sensilla (lateral and medial) on each maxillary galea. Food plant recognition is predominantly governed by the activity of the styloconic sensilla (Schoonhoven 1972). In the literature, the lateral and medial styloconic sensilla have been referred to as "large cones" (Forbes 1910), "sensilla styloconica" and "Z2" and "Z1" (Schoonhoven and Dethier (1966), "sensilla styloconica" and Ss-I" and "Ss-II (Ishikawa 1967), "sensilla styloconica" and " SsII" and SsI (Ma, 1972); "uniporous pegs" and "LST" and "MST" (Albert 1980); "uniporous pegs" and "l" and Vonnie D.C. Shields, Biological Sciences Dept., Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, Phone: 410-704-3130, Fax: 410-704-2405, vshields@towson "m" (Devitt and Smith 1982), and "sensilla styloconica" and "LSS" and "MSS" (Grimes and Neunzig 1986).The styloconic sensilla are considered to be bimoda...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fine Structure of the Galeal Styloconic Sensilla of Larval Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Shields

2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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“…In the absence of visual stimuli, olfaction and taste are the core sensory modalities to orient below ground. Sensory head appendages of rhizophagous larvae have been described from phylogenetic perspectives in scarab beetles [3] , or studied from a functional point of view in other model or pest organisms [4] , [5] , [6] . Despite the presence of many pest species within the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, comprising 25,000-to-35,000 species in 8-to-14 families [3] , [7] , [8] , [9] , a comprehensive inventory of sensory organs on larval antennae, labial, and maxillary palps is missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing the Underground – Ultrastructure and Function of Sensory Organs in Root-Feeding Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) Larvae

et al. 2012

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IntroductionBelow ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of Melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures.ResultsThree out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-to-four. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds.ConclusionsChemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.

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Comparative external ultrastructure and diffusion pathways in styloconic sensilla on the maxillary galea of larvalMamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and five other species

Shields

1996

J. Morphol.

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Electrophysiological and behavioural responses to lactic acid stimuli in larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and permeability of antennal sensilla

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Fine Structure of the Galeal Styloconic Sensilla of Larval Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Fine Structure of the Galeal Styloconic Sensilla of Larval Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Sensing the Underground – Ultrastructure and Function of Sensory Organs in Root-Feeding Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) Larvae

Comparative external ultrastructure and diffusion pathways in styloconic sensilla on the maxillary galea of larvalMamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and five other species

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