Electrophysiological Characteristics of Localized Twitch Responses in Responsive Taut Bands of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Hong, Chang‐Zern; Torigoe, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1300/j094v02n02_03

Cited by 116 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It proposes that abnormal depolarization of the postjunctional membrane of motor endplates will produce a localized hypoxic energy crisis [21]. Several studies have confirmed that a Local Twitch Response (LTR) can reduce or even eliminate the typical endplate noise associated with the MTrPs and suggests that it can inactivate the MTrPs [22,23]. The LTRs appear to reduce the concentrations of many chemicals found in environment of active the MTrPs, such as substance P [24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation on Symptoms Following Trigger Points; A Controlled Pilot Study

Hadizadeh

Tajali

Moghadam

et al. 2017

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation

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Introduction: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common disorder of musculoskeletal system. About one third of the people with musculoskeletal disorders have been diagnosed as having MPS. It is a painful condition caused by trigger points. A variety of treatment approaches are used to cure MPS and its associated disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of single session Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation (IMES) through dry needling on pain and Range Of Motion (ROM) following trigger points in upper trapezius. Materials and Methods:Sixteen volunteers with active trigger points in upper trapezius were randomly divided into two groups: 1) the IMES treatment group (8 females) and 2) placebo group (8 females). In the IMES group, trigger points of the affected side were injected through dry needling, then a burst current (2 Hz) was applied on the muscle while the electrical stimulation steadily increases to form a pain free contraction for the patient. In placebo group, the procedure was exactly the same but there was no applied electrical stimulation through dry needling. Pain sensation by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and cervical flexion ROM were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment and one week later by another blinded researcher.Results: VAS scores showed improvement in both groups at the end of the treatment session and also one week later. There was no significant difference between the groups; IMES and placebo in terms of the VAS after treatment session. However, the pain scores were substantially decreased in the IMES group one week after the intervention. The ROMs were significantly lower in placebo group one week after treatment. There was no significant correlation between improvement and duration of symptoms. Conclusion:Both IMES and placebo methods might be effective in relieving symptoms of patients with the MPS in upper trapezius; however, patients following the IMES treatment showed higher level of improvement during one week after the intervention. Further relevant studies with higher number of volunteers and different treatment protocols are necessary to get high quality evidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation on Symptoms Following Trigger Points; A Controlled Pilot Study

Hadizadeh

Tajali

Moghadam

et al. 2017

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation

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“…This has also been confirmed in an animal study (35). The EMG activity of an LTR is diminished in the denervated muscle of a human subject (50) and in rabbit muscle after lignocaine block or transection of the innervating nerve (35,40). In a rabbit study, this activity disappeared temporarily during the spinal shock period after spinal cord transection, but almost completely recovered later (40).…”

Section: Spinal Cord Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The EMG activity of a LTR can be recorded specifically from the muscle fibres of the taut band and in response to stimulation of its MTrP (39,41). This has also been confirmed in an animal study (35). The EMG activity of an LTR is diminished in the denervated muscle of a human subject (50) and in rabbit muscle after lignocaine block or transection of the innervating nerve (35,40).…”

Section: Spinal Cord Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Both human and rabbit LTRs are elicited by mechanical stimulation of the sensitive spot, but not of any other spot, even one closely adjacent. Both rabbit and human LTRs are diminished after repeated mechanical stimulation of the same sensitive spot or after transmission blockade of the innervating nerve (35,(39)(40)(41). Spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded from a minute locus of either a MTrP region (42) or a rabbit myofascial trigger spot (43).…”

Section: Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myofascial Trigger Points: Pathophysiology and Correlation with Acupuncture Points

Hong

2000

Acupunct Med

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SummaryA review is made of recent studies on myofascial trigger points (MTrP) and their mechanism is discussed. Clinical and basic science studies have shown that there are multiple MTrP loci in a MTrP region. A MTrP locus contains a sensory component (sensitive locus) and a motor component (active locus). A sensitive locus is a point from which tenderness or pain, referred pain, and local twitch response can be elicited by mechanical stimulation. Sensitive loci (probably sensitised nociceptors) are widely distributed in the whole muscle, but are concentrated in the endplate zone. An active locus is a site from which spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded. Active loci appear to be dysfunctional endplates since spontaneous electrical activity is essentially the same as the electrical activity reported by neurophysiologists as that recorded from an abnormal endplate. A MTrP is always found in a taut band which is histologically related to contraction knots caused by excessive release of acetylcholine in abnormal endplates. Both referred pain and local twitch response are mediated through spinal cord mechanisms, as demonstrated in both human and animal studies.The pathogenesis of MTrPs appears to be related to integration in the spinal cord of response to the disturbance of nerve endings and abnormal contractile mechanism at multiple dysfunctional endplates. There are many similarities between MTrPs and acupuncture points including their location and distribution, pain and referred pain patterns, local twitch responses (de qi), and possible spinal cord mechanism.

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“…And our previous animal study showed more A fibers in myofascial trigger spots [MTrSs, equivalent to human MTrPs in many respects (Hong and Torigoe 1994)] (Meng et al 2015). Clinical studies have also reported that A fibers mediate electrically induced muscle pain (Laursen et al 1999) and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A afferent fibers are involved in the pathology of central changes in the spinal dorsal horn associated with myofascial trigger spots in rats

Meng

Wang

et al. 2015

Exp Brain Res

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A afferent fibers have been reported to participate in the development of the central sensitization induced by inflammation and injuries. Current evidence suggests that myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) induce central sensitization in the related spinal dorsal horn, and clinical studies indicate that A fibers are associated with pain behavior. Because most of these clinical studies applied behavioral indexes, objective evidence is needed. Additionally, MTrP-related neurons in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal ventral horn have been reported to be smaller than normal, and these neurons were considered to be related to A fibers. To confirm the role of A fibers in MTrP-related central changes in the spinal dorsal horn, we studied central sensitization as well as the size of neurons associated with myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs, equivalent to MTrPs in humans) in the biceps femoris muscle of rats and provided some objective morphological evidence. Cholera toxin B subunit-conjugated horseradish peroxidase was applied to label the MTrS-related neurons, and tetrodotoxin was used to block A fibers specifically. The results showed that in the spinal dorsal horn associated with MTrS, the expression of glutamate receptor (mGluR1α/mGluR5/NMDAR1) increased, while the mean size of MTrS-related neurons was smaller than normal. After blocking A fibers, these changes reversed to some extent. Therefore, we concluded that A fibers participated in the development and maintenance of the central sensitization induced by MTrPs and were related to the mean size of neurons associated with MTrPs in the spinal dorsal horn.

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Electrophysiological Characteristics of Localized Twitch Responses in Responsive Taut Bands of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Cited by 116 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation on Symptoms Following Trigger Points; A Controlled Pilot Study

Effects of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation on Symptoms Following Trigger Points; A Controlled Pilot Study

Myofascial Trigger Points: Pathophysiology and Correlation with Acupuncture Points

A afferent fibers are involved in the pathology of central changes in the spinal dorsal horn associated with myofascial trigger spots in rats

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