Electrophysiological effects of Brilliant Blue G in the model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina

Lüke, Matthias; Januschowski, Kai; Beutel, Julia; Lüke, Christoph; Grisanti, Salvatore; Peters, Swaantje; Jaissle, Gesine B.; Bartz‐Schmidt, Karl Ulrich; Szurman, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00417-007-0761-8

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The b-wave amplitudes remained stable throughout the washout and no significant difference was observed between the b-wave amplitudes before the application of BBG and the b-wave amplitudes at the end of the washout. Similar results have been observed for the a-wave amplitude [29]. …”

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confidence: 77%

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The Retinal Biocompatibility of Dyes in the ex vivo Model of the Isolated Superfused Vertebrate Retina

Lüke

Grisanti²,

Lüke³

2013

Ophthalmologica

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Background: Peeling of the internal limiting membrane or epiretinal membranes is a successful principle in macular surgery to achieve a functional benefit. Different dyes are used to facilitate the identification of intraocular tissues. The aim of our work was to investigate the retinal tolerance to the different dyes and their solvent carriers to provide valuable data for surgeons in handling for an optimal intraoperative use. Methods: Using the ex vivo model of the isolated superfused vertebrate retina technique, the effects of the dyes were tested on human and bovine retinal function. The retinas were perfused with an oxygen preequilibrated standard solution. The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded using Ag/AgCl electrodes. After recording stable ERG amplitudes, the dyes brilliant blue G, indocyanine green, trypan blue, patent blue, triamcinolone and their solvent carriers were investigated. Results: Reductions of the ERG amplitudes were found for each tested dye. The effects after application of the dyes were dependent on time and concentration of the applied dyes, which were different for each dye. Conclusion: In part, the ERG has shown strong effects already after a short period of dye application. Surgeons who rely on the intraocular use of the dyes should keep in mind our findings, and the use of some dyes should be limited to selected cases. The well-considered use of the dyes by the surgeons could lead to a better functional outcome and avoid a possible harmful outcome of the surgery after mishandling.

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confidence: 77%

“…However, the staining qualities of patent blue were significantly lower compared to ICG or TB [28]. Therefore, the intraoperative use of patent blue has not been become widely accepted, but the dye patent blue exhibits the best biocompatibility which is also better than the biocompatibility of brilliant blue G (BBG) [29]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retinal Biocompatibility of Dyes in the ex vivo Model of the Isolated Superfused Vertebrate Retina

Lüke

Grisanti²,

Lüke³

2013

Ophthalmologica

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“…Since Enaida et al [21] described the use of BBG, several reports have reported on its usefulness for staining the ILM [13,14,15,20,22,23,24]. These studies showed that this dye is not toxic, neither in vivo nor in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It has long been used for protein staining in the field of biology as it binds nonspecifically to virtually all proteins. In a model of bovine retina, application of BBG at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml with an exposure time less than 60 s did not cause irreversible effects on the electroretinogram and seems to be safe for intraocular administration [13]. In rat eyes intravitreal doses of BBG up to 10 mg/ml did not cause morphological changes as revealed by light microscopy, but electron microscopy analysis showed cyst formation in the inner retinal cells at concentrations above 1 mg/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane with the Use of Heavy Brilliant Blue G

et al. 2012

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Background: Brilliant blue G (BBG) is frequently used in chromovitrectomy to facilitate internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. A study was initiated to evaluate if heavy BBG is safe and effective in staining the ILM. Methods: We studied 30 eyes, 23 with idiopathic macular holes and 7 of patients with diabetic macular edema. Removal of the ILMs was assisted by heavy BBG staining. In cases with histopathological correlation the ILMs were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining. In addition, immunohistochemistry was also performed using specific antibodies for vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, factor VIII and CD68. Using the Image-Pro Plus software of Media Cybernetics Co. we found an average thickness in ILMs. Results: Of the ILM specimens sent, 19/30 (63.33%) could not be processed properly because of the limited sample material, recognizing only fragments of dispersed fibrillar material. In macular hole ILMs we found an average thickness of 1.3 ± 0.65 µm, and in diabetic macular edema ILMs an average thickness of 6.2 ± 1.4 µm. Conclusions: In heavy BBG-assisted ILM peeling we observed no intraoperative or postoperative complications after a mean follow-up of 12 months. Heavy BBG could be an effective and safe vehicle for staining the ILM.

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“…Only high doses (10 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml) revealed a vacuolization of the inner retinal cells but no apoptotic cell death [11]. Furthermore in comparison with ICG and TB, BBG showed the best biocompatibility data in an ex vivo model of isolated and perfused vertebrate retina [9,12]. In addition, the application in patients with macular holes and epiretinal membranes showed sufficient and selective staining of the ILM [10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

Lüke

Lüdeke²,

Acksteiner³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose of the Study: To investigate the outcome of brilliant blue G (BBG)-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery after a follow-up of 6 months. Procedures: In this retrospective study 20 eyes have been treated with BBG-assisted macular hole surgery. After a follow-up of 6 months, the functional and anatomical outcomes have been analyzed. Results: The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 logMAR units (mean ± SD 0.66 ± 0.27). After 3 months, the mean BCVA increased not significantly to 0.4 (0.54 ± 0.30), but a significant improvement to 0.2 logMAR units (0.28 ± 0.23) could be detected after 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Primary macular hole closure after a single surgery was found in 17 of 20 eyes. Conclusion and Message: BBG exhibits sufficient staining qualities and safety profile leading to a significant functional improvement after successful macular hole surgery.

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Electrophysiological effects of Brilliant Blue G in the model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina

Abstract: BBG seems to be an alternative vital staining dye with a good biocompatibility. Comparing the effects with Indocyanine Green or Trypan Blue in the model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina BBG exhibits a more favorable safety profile.

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

The Retinal Biocompatibility of Dyes in the ex vivo Model of the Isolated Superfused Vertebrate Retina

The Retinal Biocompatibility of Dyes in the ex vivo Model of the Isolated Superfused Vertebrate Retina

Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane with the Use of Heavy Brilliant Blue G

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

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