Electrophysiological neural mechanisms for detection, configural analysis and recognition of faces

Anaki, David; Zion-Golumbic, Elana; Bentin, Shlomo

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.054

Cited by 91 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It should be noted that the sensitivity of N170 to face identity is a contentious issue. Many studies show no modulation of N170 in response to familiarity (Bentin and Deouell, 2000;Eimer, 2000;Schweinberger et al, 2002;Anaki et al, 2007), while others show the same effect observed in the present study (Caharel et al, 2002(Caharel et al, , 2006Schweinberger et al, 2002;Jemel et al, 2003;Marzi and Viggiano, 2007). The effect appears to be particularly observable under conditions of degraded stimuli and when familiarity is important for task performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The P1 mean amplitude was quantified over the 90 -110 ms interval at occipital (O1 and O2) and cerebellar (CB1 and CB2) electrodes in line with previous research on face perception (Caharel et al, 2002(Caharel et al, , 2006Jemel et al, 2003;Itier and Taylor, 2004;Jemel et al, 2005;Anaki et al, 2007). Similarly, the effect of lesion and familiarity on the mean amplitude of the face sensitive N170 (Bentin and Deouell, 2000;Caharel et al, 2002Caharel et al, , 2006Caharel et al, , 2007Rossion and Gauthier, 2002;Jemel et al, 2003Jemel et al, , 2005Itier and Taylor, 2004;Anaki et al, 2007;Marzi and Viggiano, 2007) was quantified over the 150 -190 ms interval at inferior parietal (P7 and P8) and cerebellar (CB1 and CB2) electrodes. The P2 mean amplitude wave was measured for the 280 -320 ms interval at occipital (O1 and O2) and cerebellar (CB1 and CB2) electrodes.…”

Section: Erp Recordings and Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

“…5 A, B). Numerous ERP studies have described a face-sensitive right lateralized N1 component peaking at ϳ170 ms after stimulus onset (Bentin and Deouell, 2000;Caharel et al, 2002Caharel et al, , 2006Caharel et al, , 2007Rossion and Gauthier, 2002;Jemel et al, 2003Jemel et al, , 2005Itier and Taylor, 2004;Anaki et al, 2007;Marzi and Viggiano, 2007). A clear N170 component was recorded over the inferior parietal and cerebellar sites on both right (i.e., CB2 and P8) and left (i.e., CB1, P7) hemispheres.…”

Section: Erp Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Produce Early Functional Alterations during Remote Memory Retrieval

Gilboa¹,

Alain²,

He³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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We examined the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) in memory retrieval monitoring. Event-related potentials were recorded while patients with VMPFC lesions and matched controls viewed faces of personal acquaintances, and of famous and nonfamous people, and indicated whether they had personally encountered these individuals. Patients were more likely than controls to make both false positive and false negative errors. Both groups showed a large posterior negative wave peaking at ϳ170 ms after face onset (N170). In controls, the N170 was larger for both types of familiar faces, regardless of whether overt recognition occurred. Specifically, personal acquaintances that were erroneously judged as unfamiliar evoked the same electrophysiological response as those who were explicitly recognized. Patients' N170 was not modulated by familiarity suggesting VMPFC lesions disrupt early posterior memory-based preconscious cortical distinctions. Following the N170, there was a significant group difference over frontopolar scalp regions where patients were showing a smaller positive modulation at 230 -260 ms for all stimulus types. In patients this modulation correlated highly with reaction times of correct responses, suggesting this early frontal modulation is related to the ability to make rapid correct decisions about memory content. Group differences over anterior sites were also noted at 350 ms after stimulus, reflecting a large sustained negativity of patients' waveforms, equal across conditions. The findings are consistent with a hypothesis of frontally mediated dual-monitoring system. An early automatic (preconscious) component is followed by a late elaborate process. We hypothesize that when both components are damaged, confabulation may occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Erp Recordings and Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Erp Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Produce Early Functional Alterations during Remote Memory Retrieval

Gilboa¹,

Alain²,

He³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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“…Electrophysiological studies of face processing have identified a posterior-lateral negative event-related potential (ERP) component, peaking at ∼170 ms after stimulus onset (N170), which displays amplitude enhancement for faces compared with other classes of objects (Bentin et al 1996), but is not affected by stimulus familiarity (Anaki et al 2007;Bentin and Deouell 2000;Eimer 2000b). This suggests that the N170 reflects face detection, which results in the categorization of the stimulus either as a face or a non-face, rather than the recognition of specific individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical sensitivity to contrast polarity and orientation of faces is modulated by temporal-nasal hemifield asymmetry

Tomalski

Johnson

2012

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Behavioral studies demonstrate that the efficiency of detection of faces is dependent on configural and contrast polarity information characteristic to human faces. Stimulus inversion or contrast polarity reversal can disrupt this process. We investigated whether a face-sensitive event-related potential component, the N170, is modulated by the orientation and contrast polarity of highly degraded schematic face-like patterns (Experiment 1) in the same manner as it is for face photographs (Experiment 2). Inversion and/or contrast reversal delayed and enhanced the N170 for both kinds of stimuli, suggesting that a white oval with three black squares is sufficient to elicit face-sensitive cortical responses. In Experiment 3 we further tested whether the extrageniculate visual pathways modulate early cortical responses to faces. We found that the N170 responses to configural and contrast information are modulated by temporal-nasal visual field asymmetry under monocular viewing conditions, suggesting the involvement of subcortical, extrageniculate visual pathways in face detection. These results are consistent with the idea that an ontogenetically early and primitive bias to orient towards face-like patterns with relevant configural and contrast information influences the early stages of cortical face processing.

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“…The tight coupling they observed between detection and categorization could be explained by the special nature of faces (people) rather than some general mechanism underlying early stages of object recognition. To begin with, there are theoretical claims of an initial stage of processing that segments and categorizes objects as faces before their identification (Tsao & Livingstone, 2008; see also Mack et al, 2009) with support from time-course measures of neural activity (e.g., Anaki, Zio-Golumbic, & Bentin, 2007;Liu, Harris, & Kanwisher, 2002). Second, normally-functioning adults can be considered face experts (Carey, 1992;Diamond & Carey, 1986;Gauthier & Tarr, 1997;Tanaka, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling object detection and categorization.

Mack¹,

Palmeri²

2010

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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We investigated whether there exists a behavioral dependency between object detection and categorization. Previous work (Grill-Spector & Kanwisher, 2005) suggests that object detection and basic-level categorization may be the very same perceptual mechanism: As objects are parsed from the background they are categorized at the basic level. In the current study, we decouple object detection from categorization by manipulating the between-category contrast of the categorization decision. With a superordinate-level contrast with people as one of the target categories (e.g., cars vs. people), which replicates Grill-Spector and Kanwisher, we found that success at object detection depended on success at basic-level categorization and vice versa. But with a basic-level contrast (e.g., cars vs. boats) or superordinate-level contrast without people as a target category (e.g., dog vs. boat), success at object detection did not depend on success at basic-level categorization. Successful object detection could occur without successful basic-level categorization. Object detection and basic-level categorization do not seem to occur within the same early stage of visual processing.

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Electrophysiological neural mechanisms for detection, configural analysis and recognition of faces

Cited by 91 publications

References 36 publications

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Produce Early Functional Alterations during Remote Memory Retrieval

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Produce Early Functional Alterations during Remote Memory Retrieval

Cortical sensitivity to contrast polarity and orientation of faces is modulated by temporal-nasal hemifield asymmetry

Decoupling object detection and categorization.

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