Electrophysiological Studies on The Dynamics of Luminance Adaptation in the Mouse Retina

Joachimsthaler, Anneka; Tsai, Tina I.; Kremers, Jan

doi:10.3390/vision1040023

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In a previous study, we showed that it takes at least 30 minutes for the parameters of flash-and flicker-ERG to reach a steady state to low luminances. 21 The present study suggests an even longer time period for rods to fully adapt. DeMarco et al 22 found the retinal sensitivity in wild-type mice to increase over a time course of about 40 minutes during dark adaptation after previous light adaptation to 2.4 log cd/m 2 (»250 cd/m 2 ) for 10 minutes and was even much more delayed in Gnat2 cplf3 mice lacking functional cones.…”

Section: Rod-driven Responses Adapt Over Several Minutes To Low Lightmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…We previously described that this adaptation time is sufficient to reach a steady state. 21 After the baseline measurement, the mean luminance was increased to 8.8 cd/m 2 mean luminance for 11 minutes (high light level), and the responses were recorded every 2 minutes, with the first recording starting directly after the mean luminance was increased. In total, six recordings were performed.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, we showed that the responses to sine-wave luminance stimuli (100% contrast) hardly changed after a change from 1 to 25 cd/m 2 white background (after previous adaptation to 1 cd/m 2 ) in LIAIS mice. 21 Adaptation of photopic (i.e., mainly cone driven) flash ERGs to 25 and 40 cd/m 2 (i.e., 1.4 and 1.6 log cd/m 2 ) backgrounds (after complete dark adaptation) took several minutes. Possibly, the different light levels and different stimulus types employed in the previous study caused the differences in results.…”

Section: L*-cone-driven Responses Adapt Rapidlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study in Opn1lw wt mice (wild-type mice on a C57Bl/6 background), we showed that ERG responses to short flashes (6.3 cd.s/m 2 white light) increased during light (25 or 40 cd/m 2 background intensity) and dark adaptation. 21 The use of modulations around a mean luminance and chromaticity has the advantage, in comparison with flashes, that stimulus intensity (in terms of Michelson contrast) and temporal frequency can be varied independently of the state of adaptation. In our previous study, 21 we therefore also measured the responses to sinusoidally modulated luminance stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 The use of modulations around a mean luminance and chromaticity has the advantage, in comparison with flashes, that stimulus intensity (in terms of Michelson contrast) and temporal frequency can be varied independently of the state of adaptation. In our previous study, 21 we therefore also measured the responses to sinusoidally modulated luminance stimuli. These responses increased during adaptation to low light level (1 cd/m 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mouse Cones Adapt Fast, Rods Slowly In Vivo

Joachimsthaler

Kremers

2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To study rod-and cone-driven adaptation dynamics separately, we used the silent substitution technique to selectively stimulate rods or cones in the Opn1lw LIAIS (LIAIS) mouse, in which the native M-cone pigment is replaced by a human L-cone pigment (L*). METHODS. ERG recordings were performed on anesthetized LIAIS mice. ERG stimuli were sinusoidally modulated. After 10 minutes of adaptation to 0.4 candela per square meter (cd/ m 2) ERGs were measured, followed by 11-minute adaptation to 8.8 cd/m 2 background and recordings directly after the luminance increase and every second minute. Finally, during adaptation to 0.4 cd/m 2 for 32 minutes, ERG responses were recorded directly after the change in background and every second minute. This protocol was repeated with rodisolating stimuli (8 Hz; 75% rod contrast), L*-cone-isolating stimuli (12 Hz; 55% cone contrast) and white light (8 Hz and 12 Hz; 100% Michelson contrast). RESULTS. At 8.8 cd/m 2 , responses directly displayed photopic response properties without further changes in either cone or white light responses. Rod-driven responses were very small. After the return to 0.4 cd/m 2 , both rod-driven and white light responses increased over a time course of about 30 minutes. Cone-driven responses were very small. Response phases changed directly after a change in background without further alterations. CONCLUSIONS. Rod-and cone-driven signal pathways display strongly different adaptation characteristics: adaptation of cone-driven responses to photopic conditions is very fast, whereas rod-driven responses change with a time course up to 30 minutes during scotopic conditions. Luminance responses are cone-driven at 8.8 cd/m 2 and rod-driven at 0.4 cd/m 2 .

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Section: Rod-driven Responses Adapt Over Several Minutes To Low Lightmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L*-cone-driven Responses Adapt Rapidlymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mouse Cones Adapt Fast, Rods Slowly In Vivo

Joachimsthaler

Kremers

2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Differential impact of Kv8.2 loss on rod and cone signaling and degeneration

Inamdar

Lankford

Poria

et al. 2021

Human Molecular Genetics

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Heteromeric Kv2.1/Kv8.2 channels are voltage-gated potassium channels localized to the photoreceptor inner segment. They carry IKx, which is largely responsible for setting the photoreceptor resting membrane potential. Mutations in Kv8.2 result in childhood-onset Cone Dystrophy with Supernormal Rod Response (CDSRR). We generated a Kv8.2 knockout (KO) mouse and examined retinal signaling and photoreceptor degeneration to gain deeper insight into the complex phenotypes of this disease. Using electroretinograms we show that there were delayed or reduced signaling from rods depending on the intensity of the light stimulus, consistent with reduced capacity for light-evoked changes in membrane potential. The delayed response was not seen ex vivo where extracellular potassium levels were controlled by the perfusion buffer, so we propose the in vivo alteration is influenced by genotype-associated ionic imbalance. We observed mild retinal degeneration. Signaling from cones was reduced but there was no loss of cone density. Loss of Kv8.2 altered responses to flickering light with responses attenuated at high frequencies and altered in shape at low frequencies. The Kv8.2 KO line on an all-cone retina background had reduced cone-driven ERG b wave amplitudes and underwent degeneration. Altogether, we provide insight into how a deficit in the dark current affects the health and function of photoreceptors.

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