Electrorefining for direct decarburization of molten iron

Judge, W.D.; Paeng, J.; Azimi, Gisele

doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01106-z

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…22 However, these charaterizations still lack the capability of real time tracing phase change dynamics, particularly at the eletrocatalyst-electrolyte-gas interface due to a short of either spatial resolution to follow individual electrocatalyst or temporal resolution to real time monitor OER event. 23 Optical imaging microscopy possesses advantages of superior spatiotemporal resolution and negligible beam degradation, thus has been used to monitor interfacial reactions under operando condition including insulator to metal phase transition, 24,25 energy flow and transport of chemical species, 7,26 to identify reaction mechanisms [27][28][29][30][31][32] . These implementations mostly rely on specific electronic or optical properties of systems, for instance, large Raman scattering cross-section, desirable emission or absorption and appreciable photostability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical imaging microscopy possesses advantages of superior spatiotemporal resolution and negligible beam degradation, thus it has been used to monitor interfacial reactions under operando conditions including insulator to metal phase transition, , energy flow, and transport of chemical species , to identify reaction mechanisms. − However, these imaging methods mainly focus on catalytic events that occurred on the focal plane, whereas electrochemical reactions could generate a concentration gradient of either substrate or product that is perpendicular to the electrode surface. Vertical motions of catalysts in this concentration gradient during OER may carry rich information about the multiphase reaction dynamics; however, they are largely ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Particle Hopping as an Indicator for Evaluating Electrocatalysts

et al. 2022

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Design and screening electrocatalysts for gas evolution reactions suffer from scanty understanding of multi-phase processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Due to the complexity of multi-phase interface, it is still a great challenge to capture gas evolution dynamics under operando condition to precisely portray the intrinsic catalytic performance of interface. Here, we establish a single particle imaging method to real time monitor a potentialdependent vertical motion or hopping of electrocatalysts induced by electrogenerated gas nanobubbles. The hopping feature of single particle is closely correlated with intrinsic activities of electrocatalysts, thus is developed to be an indicator to evaluate gas evolution performance of various electrocatalysts. This optical indicator diminishes interferences from heterogeneous morphologies, non-Faradaic processes and parasitic side reactions that are unavoidable in conventional electrochemical measurements, therefore enables precise evaluation and highthroughput screening of catalysts for gas evolution systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Particle Hopping as an Indicator for Evaluating Electrocatalysts

et al. 2022

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“…[19][20][21][22][23] The above analysis shows that the electrochemical reduction of silica in molten CaCl 2 is affected by the chemistry of silica-silicate. [24,25] Although chemistry of silicasilicate has well been documented in rock formation, [26] cement production and iron-steel making, [27,28] such an effect on Si production remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicate‐Mediated Electrolytic Silicon Nanotube from Silica in Molten Salts

Jing

Xiao

Shen

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical preparation/processing of functional silicon from abundant silica is an ideal protocol to promote sustainability of energy sectors. Such an imperative task is challenged by poor electrical conductivity of Si/SiO2 and inadequate mass diffusion of bulk silicon. Herein, a template‐free and one‐step preparation of silicon nanotubes (Si‐NT) from electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts is reported. An in situ oriented growth of silicate nanorods (NRs) from silica is clarified as the key step to direct a self‐template evolution of Si‐NT from silica. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT is versatile and successfully extended to prepare Si‐NT/graphite and TixSiy‐NT. Benefitting from fast longitudinal motorways for fast transport of electrons and ions along/inside NTs, an energy consumption 30% lower than industrial silicon production is achieved. When evaluated as anode of lithium ion battery, the Si‐NT‐based electrodes show outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency and high reversible capacity. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT integrates straightforward preparation and intriguing functionality of Si‐based materials, bridging a closed‐loop Si‐based energy infrastructure.

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“…However, the extraction and manufacturing processes of most of these materials (metals and alloys) are energy-intensive and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. 8 With the increasing demand for alloys, retired alloys and scraps are gradually produced and accumulated, [9][10][11][12] causing environmental pollution and resource depletion. 13,14 Hence, alloy material reuse and recycling are key for securing resource sustainability as well as closing metal material loops to achieve material sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%