Electrorheological suspensions

Abstract

The objective of this article is to give a review of electrorheological (ER) suspensions whose rheological properties can abruptly change under an external electric field. Attention is given to the physical backgrounds behind ER phenomena reported recently. The criteria on how to design a high performance ER fluid and mechanisms explaining how an ER suspension displays the ER effect are focused upon. We begin with a brief historic introduction, ER materials, followed by positive ER effect, negative ER effect and photo-ER effect discussions. The physical parameters that can substantially affect the ER effect are discussed thereafter, and physical processes occurring in ER suspensions under an electric field are reviewed. The mechanisms of the ER effect proposed before are summarized. A future outlook on the ER material development and ER fluid applications is given.

Electric-field-induced structuring and rheological properties of kaolinite and halloysite

“…274 present form become non-ER species, i.e. they do not re-orient, even though they become 284 polarized under an electric field (for introduction of the non-ER concept etc., see a review on 285 ER dispersions by Hao, 2002). The two former reasons are believed to apply here, and the 286 justification is provided by both the electron microscopy (see Figure 4 and Figure 5) and 287 optical microscopy measurements (see Figure 9).…”

Electrorheological Behavior of Suspensions between Pattern Electrodes with Fine Projections

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Particles with induced dipoles in electric fields form column structures between electrodes in direction parallel to the electric field vector. [7][8][9] To flow the suspension, it is required to break the column structures.…”

Vibration Control Design for a Plate Structure with Electrorheological ATVA Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System

“…Moreover, ERF can be transformed rapidly from a fluid-like state to a solid-like state as an external electric field is applied. Since the ER effect was firstly discovered by Winslow [20,21], many ER systems have been developed [22][23][24][25][26]. The progress of ER materials has been studied in mechanisms and properties including water-containing system such as silica gel, poly, cellulose, and water-free system such as aluminosilicate, carbonaceous, semiconducting polymers in several literature reviews [27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”