Electrospinning: A whipping fluid jet generates submicron polymer fibers

Shin, Yu-Shik; Hohman, Moses M.; Brenner, Michael P.; Rutledge, Gregory C.

doi:10.1063/1.1345798

Cited by 639 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hohman et al first presented a general theory for electrohydrodynamics applicable to the charged fluid jet that captured the competition between varicose and "whipping" instabilities. Significantly, for fluids of finite conductivity, a second varicose mode, dubbed the "conductive" mode, was identified [34][35][36]. The analysis of Hohman et al is valid for Newtonian fluids; the theory was subsequently extended to non-Newtonian fluids and nonisothermal conditions by several investigators [37][38][39].…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 94%

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

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Rutledge

2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

145

110

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Electrostatic jetting from a free liquid surface offers an alternative to conventional electrospinning in which jets are emitted from spinnerets. In this work we analyze a system in which a wire electrode is swept (in a rotary motion) through a bath containing a polymeric solution in contact with a high voltage, resulting in entrainment of the fluid, the formation of liquid droplets on the wire and electrostatic jetting from each liquid droplet. Solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol were used as test systems to evaluate each stage of the process.The volume of individual droplets on the wire were measured by photographic methods and correlated with the viscosity, density and surface tension of the liquid, and with system parameters such as electrode rotation rate and wire diameter. The local electric field in the absence of liquid entrainment was modeled using conventional electrostatics, and jet initiation was found to occur consistently at the angular position where the electric field exceeds a critical value of 34 kV/cm, regardless of rotation rate. Two operating regimes were identified. The first is an entrainment-limited regime, in which all of the entrained liquid is jetted from the wire electrode. The second regime is field-limited, in which the residence time of the wire electrode in an electric field in excess of the critical value is too short to deplete the fluid on the wire. The productivity of the system was measured and compared to the theoretical values of liquid entrainment. As expected, highest productivity occurred at high applied potentials and high rotation rates.

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Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 94%

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

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Rutledge

2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

145

110

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“…Cell adhesion is always a receptor-mediated process that occurs via interaction between membrane proteins, called integrins, and multidomain proteins that act as ligands. In natural tissues typical ligands dislocated in the ECM are fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin that bind integrins, forcing the cells to attach to the ECM [28,29]. Cell-scaffold interaction similarly occurs.…”

Section: The Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3.6C, 3.6D). These results can be explained by considering that bubble growth, pore wall breaking and pore fixation are controlled by polymer viscosity, which in turn depends not only on temperature but also on the amount of CO 2 dissolved in the polymer [28]. The latter is regulated by the depressurization rate (dP/dt) which was kept constant in the present experiments.…”

Section: Porous Scaffold Fabrication By Scco 2 Foamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values were given as mean ± standard deviation. 28 Reprinted from [101], Copyright (2009), with permission from e-polymers.…”

Section: Materials and Methods) A Similar Commercial Solution Is Altmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique involves an extremely complex electrofluidodynamical process that has been the subject of intensive research aimed at modelling the physics of electrically driven jets and the evolution of jet instability [27][28][29][30][31]. A brief and simplified description of the process can be provided referring to Reneker's separation of the ES process into four key stages: (i) launching of the jet, (ii) elongation of the jet straight segment, (ii) development of whipping instability and (iv) fibre solidification and collection [32] (Fig.…”

Section: Porous Scaffold Fabrication By Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Gualandi

2011

Springer Theses

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and some lactide copolymers) and of non-commercial polyesters (i.e. poly-ω-pentadecalactone and some of its copolymers) were explored and discussed.Two techniques were employed to fabricate scaffolds: supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) foaming and electrospinning (ES). The former is a powerful technology that enables to produce 3D microporous foams by avoiding the use of solvents that can be toxic to mammalian cells. The scCO 2 process, which is II commonly applied to amorphous polymers, was successfully modified to foam a highly crystalline poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer and the effect of process parameters on scaffold morphology and thermo-mechanical properties was investigated.In the course of the present research activity, sub-micrometric fibrous nonwoven meshes were produced using ES technology. Electrospun materials are considered highly promising scaffolds because they resemble the 3D organization of native extra cellular matrix. A careful control of process parameters allowed to fabricate defect-free fibres with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several microns, having either smooth or porous surface. Moreover, versatility of ES technology enabled to produce electrospun scaffolds from different polyesters as well as "composite" non-woven meshes by concomitantly electrospinning different fibres in terms of both fibre morphology and polymer material. The 3D-architecture of the electrospun scaffolds fabricated in this research was controlled in terms of mutual fibre orientation by properly modifying the instrumental apparatus. This aspect is particularly interesting since the micro/nano-architecture of the scaffold is known to affect cell behaviour.Since last generation scaffolds are expected to induce specific cell response, the present research activity also explored the possibility to produce electrospun scaffolds bioactive towards cells. Bio-functionalized substrates were obtained by loading polymer fibres with growth factors (i.e. biomolecules that elicit specific cell behaviour) and it was demonstrated that, despite the high voltages applied during electrospinning, the growth factor retains its biological activity once

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Electrospinning

2007

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Electrostatic fiber spinning or “electrospinning,” employs electrostatic forces to eject a charged fluid jet from a nozzle to make a fiber. Generally, the fiber is laid down on a collector to form a nonwoven mat. Electrospinning is also directly related to a well‐established process called electrospraying, in which tiny droplets are obtained instead of fibers. Almost any material that can be spun from melt or solution by conventional methods can be electrospun into fibers. This article details the electrospinning process. Theoretical background information is also supplied. Electrospinning devices come in different shapes and sizes and these are described. The dynamics of electrospinning are complex. A general guide to the effects of fiber properties and processing parameters on fiber diameter is given. Electrospun products include tissue scaffolds, inorganic nanofibers for catalysis, carbon nanofibers, composite fibers, and mats.

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Electrospinning: A whipping fluid jet generates submicron polymer fibers

Cited by 639 publications

References 13 publications

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Electrospinning

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