Electrospinning of Nanodiamond-Modified Polysaccharide Nanofibers with Physico-Mechanical Properties Close to Natural Skins

Abstract

Electrospinning of biopolymers has gained significant interest for the fabrication of fibrous mats for potential applications in tissue engineering, particularly for wound dressing and skin regeneration. In this study, for the first time, we report successful electrospinning of chitosan-based biopolymers containing bacterial cellulous (33 wt %) and medical grade nanodiamonds (MND) (3 nm; up to 3 wt %). Morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy showed that long and uniform fibers with controllable diameters from 80 to 170 nm were prepared. Introducing diamond nanoparticles facilitated the electrospinning process with a decrease in the size of fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determined hydrogen bonding between the polymeric matrix and functional groups of MND. It was also found that beyond 1 wt % MND, percolation networks of nanoparticles were formed which affected the properties of the nanofibrous mats. Uniaxial tensile testing of the woven mats determined significant enhancement of the strength (from 13 MPa to 25 MP) by dispersion of 1 wt % MND. The hydrophilicity of the mats was also remarkably improved, which was favorable for cell attachment. The water vapor permeability was tailorable in the range of 342 to 423 µg·Pa−1·s−1·m−1. The nanodiamond-modified mats are potentially suitable for wound healing applications.

Synthesis of Nanobentonite–Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposite by Electrospinning for Wound Healing Applications

“…Size variations of the fibers altered the hydrophilicity due to the roughness issue and surface features . The hydrophilicity results of the nanocomposite containing up to 2 wt% CNBT were decreased and its hydrophilicity changed to hydrophobicity, something that is also reported in other works …”

“…In the sample containing EGWS, the decreasing cell viability could be probably originated from the alcohol agent used in the extracting of green walnut shell method. The cytotoxicity results of this study are lower than those of other studies, and they can be improved in the future by changing the method of green walnut shell extraction …”

Waterproof and Breathable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes

“…Significantly, electrospun W&B nanofibrous membranes exhibit simple productive process, low cost, wide material sources, and controllable structure, and have become a hot point in the development of W&B materials in the past few years and shown a large variety of practical applications in various fields . This section will concentrate on the recent progress in the applications of W&B nanofibrous membranes in the functional garment, medical and sanitary material, membrane distillation system, and electronic and electrical equipment industries …”

Multifunctional nanodiamonds in regenerative medicine: Recent advances and future directions

“…Aside from their use as nanofillers for bone tissue engineering, NDs have also been investigated for their nanofiller properties in polymeric scaffolds for wound healing. Toward the development of biopolymer films with properties similar to skin, medical grade NDs were added to chitosan and bacterial cellulose polymers to increase the tensile strength of electrospun membranes [159]. The addition of 1 wt% of NDs increased the uniaxial tensile strength from 13 MPa to 25 MPa, and the resulting increase in hydrophilicity by the NDs improved cellular adhesion to the scaffolds.…”