Synthesis of Nanobentonite–Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposite by Electrospinning for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

Polymer‐based composites are used for wound healing applications. This work aims to prepare an inorganic‐polymer nanocomposite based on bentonite, poly(vinyl alcohol), and bacterial cellulose by electrospinning for wound healing. The nanocomposite is synthesized using a solution intercalation technique, with 1–2 wt% nanobentonite concentration variation. The effects of commercial and laboratory‐synthesized nanobentonite as well as the extract of the green walnut shell (EGWS) are examined and characterized by different techniques. The addition of nanobentonite increases the average size of fibers and tensile strength up to 200 nm and more than 15 MPa, respectively, due to the presence of hydrogen bonding formed between the nanobentonite sheets and polymer matrix. By the addition of synthetic nanoclay and EGWS, moderate elongation and strength are achieved. The hydrophilicity shows a decreasing trend up to 2 wt% of commercial nanobentonite; however, the laboratory‐synthesized nanobentonite is not significantly effective. Effects of extracts on the viability of cultured human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are quantitated, where the samples containing 1–2 wt% of commercial nanobentonite have less toxicity than others. Antibacterial activity is tested against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria according to the agar diffusion test for 72 h, in which EGWS‐based mats exhibit strong antimicrobial activity.

The Effect of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Collagen Incorporated with Exo‐Polysaccharides Derived from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. on Burn Healing

“…[ 14,15 ] In addition to many biomaterials, some studies have considered biological ingredients of Col such as small molecules and herbal or fungal extracts in order to enhance wound healing. [ 15,16 ]…”

“…[12,13] Although significant advances in skin tissue engineering have been made in recent years, efforts to improve tissue-engineered products using natural derivatives are still ongoing. [14,15] In addition to many biomaterials, some studies have considered biological ingredients of Col such as small molecules and herbal or fungal extracts in order to enhance wound healing. [15,16] Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight carbohydrate polymers that could be extracted from bacteria, fungi, and microalgae.…”

“…[14,15] In addition to many biomaterials, some studies have considered biological ingredients of Col such as small molecules and herbal or fungal extracts in order to enhance wound healing. [15,16] Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight carbohydrate polymers that could be extracted from bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. [17,18] Different EPS are used in the food and cosmetics industries.…”

A review of functionalised bacterial cellulose for targeted biomedical fields

“…In another approach, cellulose fibres have been functionalized by using electrospinning techniques components such as polyurethanes poly (vinyl alcohol) like hydrogels have incorporated into BC structure to modify porosity, stiffness, swelling properties. 98 BC can be hydrolysing as other natural polymers via enzymatic or biological ways; hydrolysed solutions of fibre ribbons make BC ready to blend with other materials and drugs and can generate an effective biodegradability. Ivanova et al ( 2020) have reported that crystal and supramolecular structure of BC has affected by enzymatic hydrolyses of cellobiohydrolase from Scytalidium candidum.…”