Electrospinning of Polymeric Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review

Pham, Quynh P.; Sharma, Upma; Mikos, Antonios G.

doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.ft-65

Cited by 406 publications

(539 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…In this study the crosslinked electrospun fibrous scaffolds showed a higher tensile strength; however, these scaffolds shrank, and their pore size as well as porosity decreased dramatically during the cross-linking process in glutaraldehyde vapor. Furthermore, a dense layer of fibers hindered cell migration, most likely due to the smaller pore size [15,46,47]. The combination of PCL10% with gelatin10% resulted in significantly higher tensile strength compared to gelatin or collagen and elastin alone and resulted in a uniform and pliant fiber mat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering

et al. 2008

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Electrospinning using natural proteins or synthetic polymers is a promising technique for the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. However, one limitation of scaffolds electrospun from natural proteins is the need to cross-link with glutaraldehyde for stability, which has been postulated to lead to many complications in vivo including graft failure. In this study, we determined the characteristics of hybrid scaffolds composed of natural proteins including collagen and elastin, as well as gelatin, and the synthetic polymer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), so to avoid chemical cross-linking. Fiber size increased proportionally with increasing protein and polymer concentrations, whereas pore size decreased. Electrospun gelatin/PCL scaffolds showed a higher tensile strength when compared to collagen/elastin/PCL constructs. To determine the effects of pore size on cell attachment and migration, both hybrid scaffolds were seeded with adipose-derived stem cells. Scanning electron microscopy and nuclei staining of cell-seeded scaffolds demonstrated complete cell attachment to the surfaces of both hybrid scaffolds, although cell migration into the scaffold was predominantly seen in the gelatin/PCL hybrid. The combination of natural proteins and synthetic polymers to create electrospun fibrous structures resulted in scaffolds with favorable mechanical and biological properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering

et al. 2008

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“…Discrepancies were found in fiber sizes of the same percentage weight solution due to natural variation in spinning conditions F(2, 197)=99.44, p =0, diameters of LA fibres were significantly different to both LC and LR p=0, with all small fibre diameters presenting with significant differences to each other, F(2, 145)=55.34 , p=0. Clear differences between large and small fibre diameters can be attributed to the polymer solution properties for each scaffold, as viscosity of solution is a big contributor towards fiber size (Sill & von Recum 2008;Pham et al 2006a). These differences in fibre diameter and architecture result in stark differences in scaffold thickness with cryogenic scaffolds at 800 µm thick compared to 90-180 µm for random and aligned scaffolds, table 1.…”

Section: Electrospun Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffold morphology on human kidney epithelial cells

2017

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There is a pressing need for further advancement in tissue engineering of functional organs with a view to providing a more clinically relevant model for drug development and reduce the dependence on organ donation. Polymer based scaffolds, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), have been highlighted as a potential avenue for tissue engineered kidneys, but there is little investigation down this stream.Focus within kidney tissue engineering has been on 2-dimensional cell culture and decellularised tissue. Electrospun polymer scaffolds can be created with a variety of fibre diameters and have shown a great potential in many areas. The variation in morphology of tissue engineering scaffold has been shown to effect the way cells behave and integrate. In this study we examined the cellular response to scaffold architecture of novel electrospun scaffold for kidney tissue engineering. Fibre diameters of 1.10±0.16 µm and 4.49±0.47 µm were used with 3 distinct scaffold architectures. Traditional random fibres were spun onto a mandrel rotating at 250 rpm, aligned at 1800 rpm with novel cryogenic fibres spun onto a mandrel loaded with dry ice rotating at 250 rpm. Human kidney epithelial cells were grown for 1 and 2 weeks. Fibre morphology had no effect of cell viability in scaffolds with a large fibre diameter but significant differences were seen in smaller fibres. Fibre diameter had a significant effect in aligned and cryogenic scaffold. Imaging detailed the differences in cell attachment due to scaffold differences. These results show that architecture of the scaffold has a profound effect on kidney cells; whether that is effects of fibre diameter on the cell attachment and viability or the effect of fibre arrangement on the distribution of cells and their alignment with fibres. Results demonstrate that PCL scaffolds have the capability to maintain kidney cells life and should be investigated further as a potential scaffold in kidney tissue engineering.

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“…A bio-inspired cell-scaffold interface must necessarily meet a variety of demanding and coupled requirements, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability of the materials, chemo-mechanical properties [8,9] and morphological characteristics [6,7], all at different length scales. Amongst the manufacturing techniques available at present, electrospinning allows the fabrication of distinctive scaffolds with nanoscale ''filaments" as in the ECM [10][11][12][13]. Electrospun scaffolds consist of 3D, non-woven, highly porous mats, resembling an intricate forest of fibers randomly overlaid on each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fibers are exceedingly long (km range) compared with their diameters (x), which usually follow a unimodal statistical distribution. The mean and spread of such distributions can be controlled and tweaked via process parameters over a wide range, from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The fiber diameter x is regarded as the prime controllable design parameter to steer scaffold performance in terms of cell response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tA novel (scalable) electrospinning process was developed to fabricate bio-inspired multiscale threedimensional scaffolds endowed with a controlled multimodal distribution of fiber diameters and geared towards soft tissue engineering. The resulting materials finely mingle nano-and microscale fibers together, rather than simply juxtaposing them, as is commonly found in the literature. A detailed proof of concept study was conducted on a simpler bimodal poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with modes of fiber distribution at 600 nm and 3.3 lm. Three conventional unimodal scaffolds with mean diameters of 300 nm and 2.6 and 5.2 lm, respectively, were used as controls to evaluate the new materials. Characterization of the microstructure (i.e. porosity, fiber distribution and pore structure) and mechanical properties (i.e. stiffness, strength and failure mode) indicated that the multimodal scaffold had superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus $40 MPa and strength $1 MPa) in comparison with the controls, despite the large porosity ($90% on average). A biological assessment was conducted with bone marrow stromal cell type (mesenchymal stem cells, mTERT-MSCs). While the new material compared favorably with the controls with respect to cell viability (on the outer surface), it outperformed them in terms of cell colonization within the scaffold. The latter result, which could neither be practically achieved in the controls nor expected based on current models of pore size distribution, demonstrated the greater openness of the pore structure of the bimodal material, which remarkably did not come at the expense of its mechanical properties. Furthermore, nanofibers were seen to form a nanoweb bridging across neighboring microfibers, which boosted cell motility and survival. Lastly, standard adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation tests served to demonstrate that the new scaffold did not hinder the multilineage potential of stem cells.

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Electrospinning of Polymeric Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review

Cited by 406 publications

References 110 publications

Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering

Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering

The effect of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffold morphology on human kidney epithelial cells

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

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