Electrospraying of conducting liquids for monodisperse aerosol generation in the 4 nm to 1.8 μm diameter range

Chen, Da‐Ren; Pui, David Y.H.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(96)86892-3

Cited by 103 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…These results suggest that the jet can maintain its integrity up to the current transfer region only for moderate values of € Q/Q e , which is in agreement with the observations of Fernandez de la Mora et al (1990) and Chen, Pui & Kaufman (1995) and with the conclusions of Lopez-Herrera & Gafian-Calvo (2004). However, the growth rate can be reduced by the stabilizing effect of jet stretching, which has not been accounted for here.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The Rayleigh capillary instability may cause the breakup of the jet in this region, and the diameter of the droplets would then be of the order of the local radius of the jet, in agreement with the cubic root law (1.4b) of Fernandez de la Mora & Loscertales (1994) except for the function g(e). The charge of the droplets would be of the order of the Rayleigh limit charge, also in agreement with experimental results Chen et al 1995;de Juan & Fernandez de la Mora 1997;Ganan-Calvo et al 1997). The viscosity of the liquid will affect the breakup of the jet and the size of the droplets when pyrj/x 2 ~ €~5 /3 Re 2 (Q/Q e ) 1/3 is not large.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

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Qualitative analysis of the minimum flow rate of a cone-jet of a very polar liquid

Higuera

2017

J. Fluid Mech.

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Electrostatic atomization of a liquid of finite electrical conductivity in the so-called cone-jet regime relies on the electric shear stresses that appear in a region of the liquid surface when a meniscus of the liquid is subjected to an intense electric field. An order of magnitude analysis is used to describe the flow induced by these stresses, which drive the liquid of the meniscus into a jet that issues from the tip of the meniscus and breaks into droplets at some distance from it. When the dielectric constant of the liquid is large, the electric shear stresses extend into the jet and cause a depression that sucks liquid from the meniscus. The induced flow rate is estimated and shown to represent approximately the minimum flow rate at which a cone-jet can be established. It is argued that the meniscus can be stabilized by the electric field that the charge of the jet induces on it. This stabilizing mechanism weakens when the flow rate supplied to the meniscus decreases, and its failure may determine an alternative minimum flow rate for the cone-jet regime. The instability of the jet and existing scaling laws for the size of the spray droplets are discussed.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

supporting

confidence: 85%

Qualitative analysis of the minimum flow rate of a cone-jet of a very polar liquid

Higuera

2017

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…Further, it has been experimentally observed that the residue particle size is strongly correlated with the capillary flow rate [28] …”

Section: Neutralization Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, because the ES community (especially mass spectrometry) uses different capillary diameters and hence the flow volume [28,53,98] can vary significantly time was replaced with equivalent capillary volume, which is defined by the product of time with capillary flow rate, and divided by the total volume within the capillary. In this regard, the mass-spectrometry community typically uses different passivations on silica surfaces to reduce protein adsorption which concomitantly reduces the long waiting times before protein breakthrough [99].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

Guha

Tarlov

et al. 2012

Trends in Biotechnology

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The growth of the multibillion dollar bionanoparticle industry has spurred the development of new physical characterization methods. One such method, electrospraydifferential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) constitutes an electrospray for aerosolization of bionanoparticles (such as viruses, gold-nanoparticles, proteins, nanoparticle-protein complexes) and an ion mobility method that operates at atmospheric conditions, and separates bionanoparticles spatially. This dissertation identifies some relevant "problem" areas for ES-DMA by reviewing selected applications.Some such problems are: proteins while passing through ES capillaries are found to interact with it and thus produce time dependent size distributions. Further, it is thought that adsorbed proteins may subsequently desorb and influence size distributions with the ES-DMA which may concomitantly affect quantification of aggregates. These artifacts are studied systematically and it is demonstrated that ES-DMA can quantify adsorption-desorption of complex protein mixtures at high shear rates. Further, it is shown that desorbing proteins do not have a significant effect on size distributions. Another artifact of the ES takes place during the aersolization process. Two units (called monomers) of a bionanoparticle may get encapsulated in the same ES droplet and upon drying of the droplet create artificial dimers thus affecting quantification with ES-DMA. Assuming Poisson distribution, this thesis provides a systematic approach that can be undertaken to eliminate this artifact. A third artifact arises from the low sensitivity of the DMA to size increase. When a ligand (for e.g. protein) adsorbs to a bionanoparticle it creates an increase in the size of the later, which can be used to quantify the amount of ligand adsorbed per bionanoparticle. As ligands can change conformations upon adsorption, using ES-DMA for such applications may be flawed. This issue has been identified and a solution has been provided by integrating a mass analyzer after the ES-DMA.After correcting for these artifacts, this dissertation delves into characterization of different types of bionanoparticles and demonstrates that ES-DMA has several advantages over other traditional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering and plaque assay and thus has immense potential to become a process analytical technique in biomanufacturing environments. ELECTROSPRAY-DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS OF BIONANOPARTICLES

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“…In addition, the droplet size can be tightly controlled by adjusting operating parameters such as liquid flow rate and electrical conductivity. While operating in the so-called cone-jet mode (Cloupeau and Prunet-Foch 1989), the ES exhibits an unmatched ability to produce an aerosol containing quasi-monodisperse particles, especially in the nanometer size range (Fernandez de la Mora et al 1990;Tang and Gomez 1994;Chen et al 1995). However, the size of the droplets generated is monotonically dependent on the flow rate used to establish the cone-jet (Rosell-Llompart and Fernandez de la Mora 1994; Tang and Gomez 1994;Chen and Pui 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Linear Multiplexed Electrospray Atomizers Micro-Machined from Metal and Polymers

Lojewski¹,

Yang²,

Duan³

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Multiplexed electrospray is a promising aerosol generation technique to produce high throughput quasi-monodisperse droplets in the nanometer and micron size range. Here we report the design, fabrication, analysis, and performance of a linear electrospray (LINES) system. The fabrication of the nozzle array is based on a precision computer numerical control (CNC) micromachining platform with 1-micron resolution. This rapid prototyping approach offers the flexibility of creating devices from a wide range of materials including metals and polymers with packing densities on par with silicon microfabrication at 20 sources/cm for LINES devices and 460 sources/cm 2 for the two-dimensional array. The LINES device uses a slot extractor design to simplify alignment and enhance operation robustness. We also used dummy nozzles (posts without fluidic channels) to offset edge effect on electric field and improved droplet size uniformity. We derived the approximate spray expansion model from charge conservation and Gauss' law. We applied the line-of-charge approximation to establish scaling laws for prescribing operating conditions. The devices show excellent droplet size uniformity from source to source, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of primary droplets <3%.

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Electrospraying of conducting liquids for monodisperse aerosol generation in the 4 nm to 1.8 μm diameter range

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Qualitative analysis of the minimum flow rate of a cone-jet of a very polar liquid

Qualitative analysis of the minimum flow rate of a cone-jet of a very polar liquid

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Linear Multiplexed Electrospray Atomizers Micro-Machined from Metal and Polymers

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