Electrospun Gelatin Fibers with a Multiple Release of Antibiotics Accelerate Dermal Regeneration in Infected Deep Burns

Abstract

Electrospun fibers of hydrophilic polymers meet challenges in a rapid degradation of fiber matrices and discharge of antibiotics to comply with requirements of infection control as a dermal regeneration template. In the current study, a pH conversion process is initially developed to ensure fluent electrospinning, an efficient in situ cross-linking of electrospun gelatin fibers with oxidized alginate and simultaneous loading of gentamicin sulfate (GS) and hydrophobic ciprofloxacin into fibers. The dual drug-loaded fibers indicate a complete release of GS during 6 d and a sustained release of ciprofloxacin for over three weeks, and the antibiotics release indicates significant growth inhibitions on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The wound healing efficacy is evaluated on a deep burn model infected with 10(8) CFU of P. aeruginosa. Compared with fibers with loaded individual drugs, the concomitant release of GS and ciprofloxacin significantly reduces the bacteria numbers in wound and livers, at around 2.30 × 10(5) and 1.25 × 10(3) CFU after 3 d, respectively. The wound re-epithelization, blood vessel formation, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling process are accelerated with a complete healing observed after 21 d. This study provides a feasible strategy to design cross-linked hydrophilic fibers with an extended drug release for biomedical applications.

New Nanotechnologies for the Treatment and Repair of Skin Burns Infections

“…This product was loaded with the antibiotics, allowing the prompt gentamicin sulfate delivery and ciprofloxacin sustained release, for initial and maintenance infection control, respectively. This combined system, demonstrated successful antibiotic release and accelerated dermal regeneration in burn wound infection [107].…”

“…Advanced studies of AgNP delivery systems allowed not only the delivery of nanoparticles, but also the development and optimization of control release of the nanoparticles from the scaffold to the burn wound. Liu et al studied the incorporation of silver nanoparticles on the surface of a natural biomaterial of collagens type I, V, and X (eggshell membrane) using polydopamine mediated adhesion and reduction properties, which exhibited benefits for tissue regeneration, biocompatibility, and low toxicity [105,107].…”

“…Chen et al developed electrospun gelatin fibres with gentamicin sulfate and hydrophobic ciprofloxacin release for deep infected burns, with evidenced effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis infections [107]. The electrospinning technique allowed the formation of a fibrous structure that would mimic the extracellular matrix, composed of a cross-linked fibre of denatured collagen derivative (gelatin) and alginate dialdehyde.…”

Borrowing From Nature: Biopolymers and Biocomposites as Smart Wound Care Materials

“…Gelatin is obtained by an incomplete denaturalization of collagen extracted from connective tissues, skin, and boiling bones (Jaipan et al, 2017 ). It has been employed to fabricate strong hydrogel-like membranes (Thanusha et al, 2018 ), microspheres (Thyagarajan et al, 2017 ), sponges, and electrospun mats (Chen et al, 2016 ), for dermal tissue applications and to treat severe burn wounds. Various combinations of gelatin and modified chitosan have been proposed (Han et al, 2014 ; Agarwal et al, 2016 ), as well as blends with poly-vinyl alcohol based via enzymatic crosslinking, to support fibroblast culture and proliferation (Hago and Li, 2013 ).…”

Preparation of the Potential Ocular Inserts by Electrospinning Method to Achieve the Prolong Release Profile of Triamcinolone Acetonide

“…The high surface area to volume ratio of nanofibers, flexibility in surface functionalities, 13 porous structure, and good mechanical strength make them promising candidates for many biomedical applications, 14 - 16 such as controlling delivery of antibiotics and other antibacterial compounds. 17 , 18 Natural polymers have been implicated as the opportunistic biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and similarity to the ECM. The most frequently used natural polymers attracting much attention for the biomedical applications are the polysaccharides and proteins.…”