Electrospun oriented gelatin‐hydroxyapatite fiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering of human fetal osteoblast cells was investigated on gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HA), crosslinked, electrospun oriented fiber scaffolds at the different HA concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 25 wt % in the dry fibers and different fiber diameter, pore size and porosity of scaffolds. Rheological tests and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted for all solutions used for electrospinning. It was found that 25 wt % HA-gelatin scaffolds electrospun at 20 kV led to the greatest cell attachment, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production while fiber orientation improved the mechanical properties, where crosslinked electrospun 25 wt % HA-gelatin fiber scaffolds yielded a Young's modulus in the range of 0.5-0.9 GPa and a tensile strength in the range of 4-10 MPa in the fiber direction for an applied voltage of 20-30 kV, respectively, in the electrospinning of scaffolds. Biological characterization of cell seeded scaffolds yielded the rate of cell growth and ECM (collagen and calcium) production by the cells as a function of time; it included cell seeding efficiency tests, alamar blue cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphate (ALP) assay, collagen assay, calcium colorimetric assay, fluorescence microscopy for live and dead cells, and scanning electron microscopy for cell culture from 1 to 18 days. After 18 days, cells seeded and grown on the 25 wt % HA-gelatin scaffold, electrospun at 20 kV, reached production of collagen at 370 μg/L and calcium production at 0.8 mM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1911-1926, 2017.

Tailor‐made multicomponent electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous composite scaffold comprising olive oil, honey, and propolis for bone tissue engineering

“…It was observed that the addition of olive oil, honey, and propolis improved the mechanical strength of PU significantly. Salifu et al prepared scaffold based on gelatin‐hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. It was reported that the developed scaffold exhibited tensile strength in the range of 4–10 MPa and suggested it as a suitable candidate for the bone tissue engineering.…”

Time‐dependent effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on conductive nanofibers

“…The reasons to do such a design were due to the facts that cell elongation and orientation had effects on cell growth and differentiation . On one hand, it had been well known that cells tended to spread and elongate along the fiber direction when they were cultured on parallel‐aligned fibrous substrates due to contact guide effect . On the other hand, fibroblast‐like cells as BMSCs were found liable to take elongated morphology perpendicular to electric field to minimize possible damages of the electric current on themselves .…”

“…The other consideration was that the direction of electric field was able to be adjusted perpendicular to the fiber direction for the purpose to regulate cell morphology. It had been proven that MSCs tended to take elongated morphology perpendicular to the electric field or along fiber direction due to the contact guide effect . Thus, BMSCs seeded on the parallel‐aligned nanofibers in the presence of perpendicular ES would take elongated morphology in the same direction without causing unnecessary uncertainty.…”

“…It had been proven that MSCs tended to take elongated morphology perpendicular to the electric field [37][38][39] or along fiber direction due to the contact guide effect. 12,40,41 Thus, BMSCs seeded on the parallelaligned nanofibers in the presence of perpendicular ES would take elongated morphology in the same direction without causing unnecessary uncertainty. BMSCs were then seeded onto these nanofibers, cultured and induced with osteoinductive medium for 21 days with or without ES.…”

In vitro and in vivo assessment of glucose cross‐linked gelatin/zein nanofibrous scaffolds for cranial bone defects regeneration

“…For tissue engineering, the structure of the nanofibrous scaffolds architecturally mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is beneficial for cell attachment, proliferation and migration (J. Wu & Hong, ). Various polymers have been electrospun for bone generation in vitro (He et al, ; Ren, Wang, Sun, Yue, & Zhang, ; Salifu, Lekakou, & Labeed, ), while only a few studies conducted the in vivo experiments (Oryan, Alidadi, Bigham‐Sadegh, & Moshiri, ; Yao et al, ).…”