Electrostatic Precipitator Collection Efficiency and Trace Element Emissions from Co-Combustion of Biomass and Recovered Fuel in Fluidized-Bed Combustion

Lind, Terttaliisa; Hokkinen, Jouni; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Saarikoski, Sanna; Hillamo, Risto

doi:10.1021/es026314z

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Particle sizes of fly ash range from 0.3 to 250 µm with a major fraction in the range of 20-25 µm. The existence of bimodal distribution for coal fly ash particles has been shown by many investigations (Lind et al, 2003). Two maxima peaks are seen in Fig.…”

Section: Particle Size Distribution Of the Fly Ashsupporting

confidence: 53%

Content and Distribution of Trace Elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired CHP Plant

Liu

Cao

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The levels of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fly ash generated by coal combustion have received considerable attention in recent years, due to their potential environmental impact. Sixteen high priority PAHs and 14 trace elements in coal fly ash were measured. The particle sizes of fly ash showed a bimodal distribution, and most ash particles were within a range of 20-25 µm in diameter. The fly ash exhibited high contents of CaO and SO 3 , which was influenced by the desulfidation treatment of limestone. The Be, Cu, Ni, V, Se, Mo and Cd contents increased significantly with decreasing particle sizes of fly ash, while those of Zn and Pb showed no obvious trends. PAHs with three-and four-rings were the dominate species in all the fly ash. The amount low molecular weight PAHs with two-, three-and four-rings was inversely correlated with the particle sizes of the fly ash.

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Section: Particle Size Distribution Of the Fly Ashsupporting

confidence: 53%

Content and Distribution of Trace Elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired CHP Plant

Liu

Cao

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Generally these curves were firstly peaked at about 0.76-1.18 µm and secondly peaked at about 21.1-84.9 µm for 15 FA samples, the particle size span for second one was wider compared to the first one. The same bimodal distribution pattern was also reported elsewhere (Lind et al, 2003;Arkar et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014;Verma et al, 2015). It is generally believed that evaporation, condensation and nucleation of inorganic components in feed coal is responsible for the first peak, while the second peak was results from fusion and coalescence of inorganic components (Linak and Wendt, 1994;Yu, 2004;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Size Distribution Of Cfas From 15 Cfppssupporting

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Inorganic Elements within PM2.5 and PM10 Fractions of Fly Ashes from Coal-Fired Power Plants

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study 15 fly ash samples were collected from 15 large-scale coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in China. The samples were then re-suspended through PM 2.5 and PM 10 inlets and analyzed for the contents of 39 inorganic elements (IEs) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results show that the particle size distributions for the 15 FAs samples exhibited bimodal patterns. The Ʃ 39 IEs (g g -1 ) for the PM 2.5 (0.292-0.564) in all the 15 CFPPs were higher than that of PM 10 (0.269-0.403). Except for Cu, all the other 38 IEs were more enriched in the PM 2.5 with the PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios being 1.06-1.73. Considering 13 heavy metals, the same orders occurred between PM 2.5 and PM 10 with Al >> Cr > Zn > Mn > Cu > V > Pb > Sn > Co > As > Sb > Tl > Cd. More attention should be paid to the high contents of Cr in both PM 2.5 (1310 mg g -1 ) and for PM 10 (1240 mg g -1 ) from all 15 CFPPs. 23 IEs for PM 10 and 26 IEs for PM 2.5 had the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values higher than 0, indicating different pollution levels for them. On the other hand, there was moderate to extreme levels of pollution for Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb, Tl, Cd and Al based on Igeo values. The element profiles for PM 2.5 or PM 10 from 15 CFPPs were similar based on low coefficients of divergence for PM 2.5 (0.254 ± 0.038) and PM 10 (0.244 ± 0.054) according to the comparison between any two CFPPs. Most elements with low relative enrichment factors (REF) as less than 0.70 or 0.70-1.30 indicated no or weak condensation occurred for them during coal combustion, while Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, W and Pb had REF values higher than 1.30 indicated that significant condensation occurred for these elements.

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“…The ELPI is designed for real-time monitoring of aerosol particle mass and number size distributions. [7][8][9] The ELPI measures aerodynamic size distribution in the size range of 0.03-10 m using 12 channels. The operating principle is based on application of a charge, inertial classification, and electrical detection of the aerosol particles.…”

Section: Sampling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Inhalable Particulate Matter Concentration and Size Distribution from Power Plants in China

Hao

Duan

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In this investigation, the collection efficiency of particulate emission control devices (PECDs), particulate matter (PM) emissions, and PM size distribution were determined experimentally at the inlet and outlet of PECDs at five coal-fired power plants. Different boilers, coals, and PECDs are used in these power plants. Measurement in situ was performed by an electrical low-pressure impactor with a sampling system, which consisted of an isokinetic sampler probe, precut cyclone, and two-stage dilution system with a sample line to the instruments. The size distribution was measured over a range from 0.03 to 10 m. Before and after all of the PECDs, the particle number size distributions display a bimodal distribution. The PM 2.5 fraction emitted to atmosphere includes a significant amount of the mass from the coarse particle mode. The controlled and uncontrolled emission factors of total PM, inhalable PM (PM 10 ), and fine PM P(M 2.5 ) were obtained. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and baghouse total collection efficiencies are 96.38 -99.89% and 99.94%, respectively. The minimum collection efficiency of the ESP and the baghouse both appear in the particle size range of 0.1-1 m. In this size range, ESP and baghouse collection efficiencies are 85.79 -98.6% and 99.54%. Real-time measurement shows that the mass and number concentration of PM 10 will be greatly affected by the operating conditions of the PECDs. The number of emitted particles increases with increasing boiler load level because of higher combustion temperature. During test run periods, the data reproducibility is satisfactory. INTRODUCTIONInhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ) is one of the principal pollutants of the urban air in China 1 and is also a main contributor for other pollution phenomena, such as visibility degradation and global climate change. Furthermore, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ultrafine particle matter are more harmful to human health than coarse particles. 2 Many indicators of health impacts have a close relationship with the time of exposure to certain concentrations of fine particles. 3 Most PM 10 in the atmosphere comes from power plants, vehicles, and other combustion sources and is usually associated with significant toxic matter. 4 Coal is the major energy source in China and, even in 2020, will account for 54% of total energy consumption. 5 In our country, ϳ80% of coal is consumed by direct combustion. Most of this is consumed by power plants (ϳ45% of total coal consumption today and predicted to increase to 62% in 2010). The electric power industry accounts for the highest emissions of smoke and dust among all industries. 6 The particulate matter (PM) emitted from coal combustion is becoming an important research topic in China. Historically, particulate emission control mainly dealt with the reduction of the mass of the PM released into the atmosphere. However, an estimate for the number concentration of primary combustion aerosol particles demonstrates the potential importance of such anthropogenic source...

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Electrostatic Precipitator Collection Efficiency and Trace Element Emissions from Co-Combustion of Biomass and Recovered Fuel in Fluidized-Bed Combustion

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

Content and Distribution of Trace Elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired CHP Plant

Content and Distribution of Trace Elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired CHP Plant

Characterization of Inorganic Elements within PM2.5 and PM10 Fractions of Fly Ashes from Coal-Fired Power Plants

Characteristics of Inhalable Particulate Matter Concentration and Size Distribution from Power Plants in China

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