“…On the other hand, electrostatic forces can control the motion of charged particles; thus, many applications have been developed (Mazumder, 1999), e.g. electrophotography (Schein, 1992(Schein, /1996(Schein, , 1999, electrostatic powder coating (Hughes, 1984;Bailey, 1998;Kleber and Makin, 1998), electrostatic precipitation (Lawless, 1999), particle separation (Gupta et al, 1993;Yanar and Kwetkus, 1995), and electromechanical valve for solids (Ghadiri et al, 1992;Balachandran et al, 1997). In addition, the charge on the particles can provide useful information on the state of the process, e.g.…”