Electrothermal application of novolac-derived carbon micropatterns prepared by proton beam lithography and carbonization

Kwon, Da-Sol; Choi, Hyeong Yeol; Lee, Byoung‐Min; Jeong, Young Gyu; Yang, Donsik; Choi, Jae‐Hak

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.236

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The a-CF-GFET sensor was obtained from lithographic patterning of CVD graphene on Si/SiO 2 by spin coating ARN 7520.07 negative resist (a Novolac, i.e., phenol-formaldehyde resin) to define the graphene nanoribbon patterning mask after electrode fabrication. Thereafter, the graphene nanoribbons were defined by oxygen plasma etching, and the postlithographic resist was subsequently pyrolyzed in a vacuum at about 300 °C for 3.5 h to generate the porous activated carbon ,, on the graphene channel. The detailed device fabrication steps are presented in the Methods section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, for commercialized applications, the induced selectivity must be achieved using a scalable and lithographically compatible fabrication process. These requirements make porous activated carbon (a-C) suitable for this application since it is easily generated by chemical/lithographic modification and subsequent pyrolysis of polymeric precursors such as Novolac resin − while possessing good gas molecular sieving properties and ammonia selectivity. − High sensitivity ammonia detection is required for environmental monitoring and noninvasive diagnosis of urea cycle disorder, kidney problems, − or ulcers resulting from Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection in the stomach. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial Ammonia Selectivity, Atmospheric Passivation, and Molecular Identification in Graphene-Nanopored Activated Carbon Molecular-Sieve Gas Sensors

Agbonlahor

Muruganathan

Ramaraj

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Graphene’s inherent nonselectivity and strong atmospheric doping render most graphene-based sensors unsuitable for atmospheric applications in environmental monitoring of pollutants and breath detection of biomarkers for noninvasive medical diagnosis. Hence, demonstrations of graphene’s gas sensitivity are often in inert environments such as nitrogen, consequently of little practical relevance. Herein, target gas sensing at the graphene–activated carbon interface of a graphene-nanopored activated carbon molecular-sieve sensor obtained via the postlithographic pyrolysis of Novolac resin residues on graphene nanoribbons is shown to simultaneously induce ammonia selectivity and atmospheric passivation of graphene. Consequently, 500 parts per trillion (ppt) ammonia sensitivity in atmospheric air is achieved with a response time of ∼3 s. The similar graphene and a-C workfunctions ensure that the ambipolar and gas-adsorption-induced charge transfer characteristics of pristine graphene are retained. Harnessing the van der Waals bonding memory and electrically tunable charge-transfer characteristics of the adsorbed molecules on the graphene channel, a molecular identification technique (charge neutrality point disparity) is developed and demonstrated to be suitable even at parts per billion (ppb) gas concentrations. The selectivity and atmospheric passivation induced by the graphene–activated carbon interface enable atmospheric applications of graphene sensors in environmental monitoring and noninvasive medical diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Ammonia Selectivity, Atmospheric Passivation, and Molecular Identification in Graphene-Nanopored Activated Carbon Molecular-Sieve Gas Sensors

Agbonlahor

Muruganathan

Ramaraj

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Microstructures and electrothermal characterization of aromatic poly(azomethine ether)‐derived carbon films

Choi

Kim

Ryu

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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We report the microstructural evolution and electrothermal properties of aromatic poly(azomethine ether) (PAME)‐derived carbon films, which were fabricated by a facile spin‐coating and following carbonization at different temperatures of 300–1,000°C. For the purpose, poly[3‐(4‐nitrilophenoxy)phenylenenitrilomethine‐1,3‐phenylenemethine] (mPAME) with a high residue of ~56.4 wt% after carbonization at 1,000°C was synthesized for a polymeric precursor for carbon films. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the molecular structures of mPAME films changed into an intrinsically nitrogen‐doped graphitic structure, dominantly at the carbonization temperatures of 800–100°C. The electrical conductivity increased considerably from ~10−7 S/cm for mPAME‐derived films fabricated at 300–700°C to ~100 S/cm for the film carbonized at 800°C to ~101 S/cm for the films carbonized at 900–1,000°C. Accordingly, mPAME‐derived carbon films, which were carbonized at 900–1,000°C, exhibited excellent electrothermal performance, such as rapid temperature responsiveness, high maximum temperatures, and high electric power efficiency to relatively low applied voltages of 5–13 V.

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Wettability Controlled Surface for Energy Conversion

Zhao

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

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To achieve clean and high‐efficiency utilization of renewable energy, functional surfaces with controllable and patternable wettability are becoming a fast‐growing research focus. In this work, a laser scribing strategy to fabricate patterned graphene surfaces that are capable of energy conversion in different forms is demonstrated. Using the laser raster‐scanning and vector‐scanning modes, two distinct surface structures are constructed on polybenzoxazine substrate, yielding a superhydrophilic (LSHL) surface and superhydrophobic (LSHB) surface, respectively. Of particular note is that the unique hierarchical structure of LSHB surface has endowed it with quite a robust superwetting behaviors. Further profiting from the flexibility of the processing method, wettability patterns with spatially resolved LSHL and LSHB regions are designed, achieving the conversion of surface energy to liquid kinetic energy. This also offers a tractable approach to fabricate wettability‐engineered devices that enable the directional, pumpless transport of water by capillary pressure gradient and the selective surface cooling via jet impingement. In addition, the LSHB surface demonstrates the high conversion of electric‐to‐thermal energy (222 °C cm2 W−1) and light‐to‐thermal energy (88%). Overall, the material system and processing method present a promising step forward to developing easy‐fabricated graphene surfaces with spatially controlled wettability for efficient energy utilization and conversion.

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Electrothermal application of novolac-derived carbon micropatterns prepared by proton beam lithography and carbonization

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Interfacial Ammonia Selectivity, Atmospheric Passivation, and Molecular Identification in Graphene-Nanopored Activated Carbon Molecular-Sieve Gas Sensors

Interfacial Ammonia Selectivity, Atmospheric Passivation, and Molecular Identification in Graphene-Nanopored Activated Carbon Molecular-Sieve Gas Sensors

Microstructures and electrothermal characterization of aromatic poly(azomethine ether)‐derived carbon films

Wettability Controlled Surface for Energy Conversion

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