Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium and lead in blood using flow injection on-line sorption preconcentration in a knotted reactor

Determination of ultratrace elements in natural waters by solid-phase extraction and atomic spectrometry methods

“…It can be seen that the ETAAS technique makes it possible to obtain lower detection limits for Cd (10 times) and Pb (25 times), while the values for Mn, Cu, and Fe are of the same order of magnitude. In any case, the LODs are adequate for the analysis of natural waters and comparable to those obtained with the most sensitive methods [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34].…”

“…Notable approaches make use of solution-phase chelation followed by adsorption onto reversed-phase C 18 substrates [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], activated carbon [10,11] or PTFE knotted reactors [12,13,14,15], retention on chelating resins [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], precipitation [29,30,31,32], and electrodeposition [33,34]. The on-line methods exhibit some favorable features over the manual batch-type procedures, such as fully automated sample treatment, lower risk of contamination, and direct coupling with the detection system.…”

Preparation of Open Tubular Solid-Phase Extraction Column with 5-Amino-8-hydroxyquinoline-modified Gold Nanoparticle Phase for the Enrichment of Heavy Metal Ions

“…The retention efficiencies of the existing methods were 47 -95%. That of the prepared column was 61.5% and is comparable to the fullerene (C60) minicolumn (47%), 19 the knotted reactor (64%), 22 and the Chelex-100 minicolumn (56%). 23 The detection limits of existing methods were 0.0002 -0.005 ng ml −1 .…”

“…Analytical performance. The prepared column was compared with knotted reactors 22 or minicolumns 19,[23][24][25][26][27] used for on-line preconcentration of cadmium prior to ETAAS. The retention efficiencies of the existing methods were 47 -95%.…”

Optimization of the preconcentration system of cadmium with 1(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol using a knotted reactor and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection

“…The most widely used reagents for cadmium preconcentration in KR have so far been diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) [24,25], ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) [26,27] and diethyldithiophosphate [28]. The 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC) reagent forms insoluble chelates with numerous metal ions.…”