Elemental composition of springtime aerosol in Chillán, Chile

Carvacho, Omar F.; Trzepla-Nabagło, Krystyna; Ashbaugh, Lowell L.; Flocchini, Robert G.; Melín, Pedro; Celis, José E.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.076

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is necessary to emphasize that the Chilean Petroleum Company eliminated the use of lead in gasoline by March 2001. For that reason the measured lead levels in this study were lower than the levels found in a preliminary study performed in 1998 in the city of Chillán [9], but gasoline with lead additive is still in use in Chile. The seasonal trend of Mn and Pb is consistent with mobile source emissions mixing in a smaller volume in winter, when mixing heights are lower.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…The geographic and traffic characteristics of Chillán are such that the particulate matter in the central area of the city comes principally from mobile sources (urban transport), and the city of Chillán has one of the largest transportation fleets in proportion to its population. Simultaneously, the fleet turns out to be very polluting, since it is composed largely of vehicles that have been withdrawn from circulation in Santiago [8,9]. This study is an effort to evaluate the aerosol concentration and composition in the city of Chillán, Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal contribution of air pollution of urban transport in the city of Chillán, Chile

Carvacho¹,

Celis²,

Trzepla-Nabagło³

et al. 2006

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 89

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Transportation is widely recognized to be a significant and increasing source of air pollution. In the city of Chillán there are many public cars, buses and trucks that have been retired from circulation in the metropolitan region (capital city of Santiago) due to strict regulation from local environmental authorities. In order to study air pollution in Chillán, a typical semi-agricultural central valley city located in the southern Bio-Bio Region of Chile, an aerosol monitoring study was established to measure ambient aerosol composition. The contributions of private cars, public cars, buses and delivery trucks were examined at a sampling site located downtown. The aerosol monitor was operated from September 2001 to September 2002. The study employed an IMPROVE PM 10 sampler with Anderson inlet at 3 meters above ground collecting PM 10 on Teflon membrane filter, nylon and quartz filter.Sulfate concentrations were lower than soil, nitrate, elemental and organic carbon, which contributed significantly to PM 10 mass. Soil accounted for 25% of the PM 10 mass and carbon particles accounted for just over 50%. Transportation sources appear to be primary sources of the carbon and soil particles. The remaining mass was mostly secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Some metals, such as V, Ni, Br, and Pb, were measured frequently at the downtown site. They did not contribute appreciably to the PM 10 mass, but underscore the importance of transportation sources to measured particulate matter.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal contribution of air pollution of urban transport in the city of Chillán, Chile

Carvacho¹,

Celis²,

Trzepla-Nabagło³

et al. 2006

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 89

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“…Tokalioglu and Kartal (2006) determined that the heavy metals on the streets of Japan had three sources. Carvacho et al (2004) estimated that about 55% of aerosols in Chillan (Chile) come Geomorphology 112 (2009) 144-157 from soil dust, and that industrial emissions were responsible for the Mn, Zn, Cu, Ga, As, and Sr in aerosols. Ragosta et al (2008) suggested that in southern Italy, Fe and Mn originated mainly from soil dust and crustal material, whereas Ni, Cr, and Cu were produced by industrial processes and Pb, Zn, and Cd were mainly related to exhaust emissions from both gasoline and diesel vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the composition of dust fallout and identification of dust sources in arid and semiarid North China

et al. 2009

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“…The other important reason for the recorded concentrations at this site may be combustion of conventional fuels like firewood, charcoal, dry cow dung, biomass materials and agro residues not only at the nearby slum areas but also at the commercial centres especially in the roadside hotels. These sources emit large amount of particulates in to the atmosphere (Carvacho et al, 2004;Monna et al, 2006). As small chimneys are used for the release of the emissions, the particulate matter endures low lateral displacement which results in the accumulation in this confined geographical area.…”

Section: Monthly Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Particulate Pollutants and their Relationship with Meteorology in Ahmedabad

Bhaskar¹,

Mehta

2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

159

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Urban air pollution is rapidly becoming an environmental problem of public concern worldwide. It can influence public health and local/regional weather and climate. In the present study, airborne particulate pollutants data were collected for a period of 4 years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) at 13 locations in Ahmedabad, a mega city in Gujarat State in western India. The particulate pollutants data were collected by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board with respirable dust samplers (RDSs). The observed Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations varied from 66.0 to 786.0 µg/m 3 , and concentrations of Particulate Matter of aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) ranged between 17.0 to 327.0 µg/m 3 . The seasonal-and annual-average concentrations of the two pollutants were mostly above Indian air quality standards and were generally comparable with those observed in most other Indian urban areas. During this study period, there was a continuous decrease of particulate pollutants concentrations within Ahmedabad; however, the concentrations were just above the permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). These particulate pollutants concentrations were compared with meteorological variables such as rainfall, humidity, temperature, and wind speed. Both SPM and PM 10 showed significant negative correlations with rainfall. An Air Quality Index (AQI) was calculated for all stations for all months. AQI values varied from 25 to 193.3. AQI was high in summer season and low in monsoon season. AQI values varied from Good (0-50) to Hazardous (300-500). On the basis of the AQI scale, it is found that the atmospheric environment of Ahmedabad is moderately polluted to unhealthy range.

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Elemental composition of springtime aerosol in Chillán, Chile

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Seasonal contribution of air pollution of urban transport in the city of Chillán, Chile

Seasonal contribution of air pollution of urban transport in the city of Chillán, Chile

Characterization of the composition of dust fallout and identification of dust sources in arid and semiarid North China

Atmospheric Particulate Pollutants and their Relationship with Meteorology in Ahmedabad

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