Elemental Composition of Suspended Particulate Matter Collected at Two Different Heights above the Ground in A Sub-Urban Site in Kenya

Gitari, Wilson M.; Kinyua, AM; Kamau, Geoffrey N.; Gatebe, CK

doi:10.4314/ejesm.v3i3.63961

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The average concentrations at all locations were higher than the NAAQS allowable level (U.S. EPA, ). The values were all higher than the concentrations of 84 × 10 −2 µg/m 3 and 2.47 × 10 −1 µg/m 3 reported for an industrial area by Kothai et al () and Gitari et al (), respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Titanium (Ti) was characterized, and the mean concentration at AGIA (89.64 × 10 6 ± 23.40 × 10 6 µg/m 3 ) was the highest of those tested, while the lowest was found in the PM collected from the CRIA sampling station (42.60 × 10 6 ± 6.50 × 10 6 µg/m 3 ). The average concentrations at all locations were higher than the concentration, 0.809 µg/m 3 , reported by Gitari, Kinyua, Kamau, and Gatebe (), as well as the 35 µg/m 3 standards set by the U.S. EPA in the NAAQS (U.S. EPA, ).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…In addition, the characterized concentrations were higher when compared with the value, 4.6 × 10 −2 µg/m 3 , which was reported for an industrial area by Gitari et al. ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…These correlations were high, depicting that they emanated from the same sources and are anthropogenic (from industrial, vehicular emissions, and heavy oil combustion sources). The role of the location of industries with the emission of metals in these areas is not negligible (Alahmr et al., ; Ezeh, Obioh, & Asubiojo, ; Farahmandkia, Mehrasbi, & Sekhavatjou, ; Gitari et al., ; Manju, Bharat, Ultra, & Ashu, ; Moja & Mnisi, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental composition of total dry particulate matter deposited in the selected industrial areas within Lagos state

Adebanjo

Jimoda

Alade

et al. 2019

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The total particulate matter (PM) deposited within 17 selected industrial areas in Lagos state during the dry season (December 2015 to January 2016) was studied. Deposition gauges measuring 0.2 meters (m) in diameter by 0.15 m in depth were placed at the sampling locations for a period of one month to collect the total deposited PM. The PM was then characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray florescence (EDXRF). The sources of the heavy metals were evaluated using enrichment factor (EF) analysis. Factor analysis (FA) was then used to determine the correlations between the identified heavy metals. Twenty-three elements-sodium (Na), silicon (Si), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), lead (Pb), tungsten (W), polonium (Po), and actinium (Ac)-were characterized in the PM collected at the sampling sites. The iron elemental ratio ranged from 0.0003 to 3.8848. The EF ranged from 0.0015 to 1697.47, including at the control location. The FA, using principal component analysis techniques, revealed seven factor loadings with 90.03% cumulative, which suggests that the sources are anthropogenic, such as from industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and the combustion of fuel.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…In addition, the characterized concentrations were higher when compared with the value, 4.6 × 10 −2 µg/m 3 , which was reported for an industrial area by Gitari et al. ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Elemental composition of total dry particulate matter deposited in the selected industrial areas within Lagos state

Adebanjo

Jimoda

Alade

et al. 2019

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Air pollution in Kenya: a review

deSouza

2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Rapid urbanization, the corresponding increase in vehicle ownership, and the continued use of solid fuels as an energy source has resulted in the deterioration of air quality in Kenya. Despite this, there is no publicly available official source of data on air pollution in the country. This paper provides an overview of published studies that report the concentrations of widespread ambient pollutants, outline major themes, and identify data gaps. This review reveals that since the 1980's particulate matter (PM) concentrations in some Nairobi locations, such as the industrial area, have been at dangerously high levels. Almost all of the studies included show that PM concentrations in Nairobi violate the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Moreover, Black Carbon (BC) concentrations in Nairobi are among the highest in the world, indicating the need for cleaner vehicles in the city. There has been much less work done measuring the levels of gaseous pollutant concentrations in Kenya. Based on these findings, policies policymakers can use to improve air pollution in Nairobi, and monitoring strategies to fill in existing gaps are presented.

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Elemental Composition of Suspended Particulate Matter Collected at Two Different Heights above the Ground in A Sub-Urban Site in Kenya

Abstract: (10.8 -228.3), Zn (12.4 -124.6), Pb (59.4 -1967) and

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Elemental composition of total dry particulate matter deposited in the selected industrial areas within Lagos state

Elemental composition of total dry particulate matter deposited in the selected industrial areas within Lagos state

Air pollution in Kenya: a review

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