This paper gives detailed comprehensive review of atmospheric assessment of particulate matter and heavy metals. Previous research works executed on this subject matter in the past four decades were adequately scrutinized. Various equipments for assessing atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals were presented. Mathematical modeling equations for source apportionment and characterization, deposition rate prediction and health risk characterization of PM 10 were also presented. However, the following conclusions were made: (1) there is need for improvement on the mathematical models by reducing the number of assumptions made in developing them. (2) Comparative analysis of concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere under the same environment for different methodologies should be executed for accuracy purposes. (3) Cost implication of assessing, monitoring and controlling these unfriendly substances should be examined, and hence, involvement of cost engineers may be of immense help. (4) Further research works should be done on Air-Q 2.2.3 model currently identified as a new methodology for provision of quantitative data on the impact of particulate matter exposure on the health of people. (5) Compliance monitoring networks should be designed to ease data collection for the observables, locations and time periods that allowed receptor models to be applied. (6) There is need for much more research works that enable optimal control and regulation of emission of heavy metals into the atmosphere in order to reduce health effects of these inhalable substances.

Drying of bambara beans was studied at 40oC at every 30 minutes in a Laboratory oven. Effective moisture diffusivity ranges between 5.886 x 10-10 m2/s – 4.354 x 10-10 m2/s respectively. The statistical criteria used in evaluation of the model were maximum coefficient of determination R2 and minimum root mean square error [RMSE]. Determination for goodness of fit statistics for drying of the beans was carried out. Midilli model was used to predict the drying curve. The Midili model was found to produce accurate predictions for all the four varieties of bambara beans and the model was shown to be an excellent model for predicting drying behavior of TVSU-47 and the R2 value was 0.9971 and the value of root mean square error was 0.0149 respectively.

Atmospheric samples of wet deposition were collected at seven sampling locations along a dense traffic highway in Ogbomoso, Nigeria for one month. Wet deposition flux evaluated ranged from 0.4926-0.6015 µg/m 2 .d. Particulate matters samples were analyzed for ten trace metals through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Article HistoryThe large amount of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles/containers and post-consumer sachet water nylon currently generated in Lagos State makes imperative the search for alternative procedures for treating, recycling or reuse of these waste materials. This is because they are not biodegradable and constitute environmental and health threat to the survival of man and other living things. The sustainable approach to municipal solid waste management in Nigeria is being considered. This research work aimed at recycling of post-consumer PET bottles/containers and post-consumer sachet water nylon to produce composite materials for engineering applications and wastes storage bag (wastes bin) respectively. Plastic waste, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles/containers and sachet water nylon coming from the dumpsites in Lagos State in Nigeria were collected, separated, washed, recycled, extruded and characterized. The products obtained were subjected to tests to evaluate their mechanical properties using Introns Tester Model 1122. The results showed that the PET/LDPE blend mechanical properties depend on the processing conditions and apparatus. High processing temperature and high residence times strongly enhance the degradation processes and reduce the mechanical properties, in particular the elongation at break. However, by introducing additives, such as antioxidants, inert fillers and impact modifiers, these mechanical properties are improved and approached those products made from of virgin polyethylene terephthalate. For the recycled sachet water nylon, the results also showed that there was mechanical properties deficiency in the use of recycled resins and that this deficiency could be minimized through adequate blending with virgin resins. In general, provided that optimal reprocessing conditions with suitable additives, the mechanical properties of the recycled resins are near to those of virgin resins.Contribution/Originality: This study could be able to address the burden of disposed some of these plastic bottle /nylon litter and block the drainages. Also help in area of employment because many idle hands can engage in picking the waste for recycle.

Midilli model was used to estimate the moisture ratio of four varieties of Sword beans. The experiment was carried out using distilled water at temperature of 530C for 100 minutes. The standard model of water absorption was fitted into the experimental data. Coefficient of determination [R2 ] and root mean square error were used to evaluate the model. The Midilli model was chosen based on maximum value of Coefficient of determination and minimum value of root mean square error. The result showed that Midilli model is the most appropriate for TCG-4 with R2 value of 0.9924 and RMSE value of 0.1758 to estimate moisture ratio changes versus time in soaking. The moisture ratio against soaking time was plotted in each case using Midilli equation. The plotted curves of each variety of bean indicated that moisture ratio decreases with increasing in time. The effective moisture diffusivity coefficient of four varieties of varieties of Sword beans increased.