Assessment of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals: a critical review

Abstract

This paper gives detailed comprehensive review of atmospheric assessment of particulate matter and heavy metals. Previous research works executed on this subject matter in the past four decades were adequately scrutinized. Various equipments for assessing atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals were presented. Mathematical modeling equations for source apportionment and characterization, deposition rate prediction and health risk characterization of PM 10 were also presented. However, the following conclusions were made: (1) there is need for improvement on the mathematical models by reducing the number of assumptions made in developing them. (2) Comparative analysis of concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere under the same environment for different methodologies should be executed for accuracy purposes. (3) Cost implication of assessing, monitoring and controlling these unfriendly substances should be examined, and hence, involvement of cost engineers may be of immense help. (4) Further research works should be done on Air-Q 2.2.3 model currently identified as a new methodology for provision of quantitative data on the impact of particulate matter exposure on the health of people. (5) Compliance monitoring networks should be designed to ease data collection for the observables, locations and time periods that allowed receptor models to be applied. (6) There is need for much more research works that enable optimal control and regulation of emission of heavy metals into the atmosphere in order to reduce health effects of these inhalable substances.

Metal Ion Release from Fine Particulate Matter Sampled in the Po Valley to an Aqueous Solution Mimicking Fog Water: Kinetics and Solubility

“…Metal ions, non-metallic anions, and their inorganic derivatives (oxides, salts, etc. ) are among the PM constituents (Brito et al, 2018;Meng et al, 2013;Popoola et al, 2018) which are considered to be co-responsible for PM toxicity, likely because of the oxidative stress which several chemical species may induce in cellular tissues (Meng et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2019). If PM is in contact with environmental or physiological solutions, the substances contained in the particles may be released, thus becoming bio-accessible and potentially toxic to living organisms and human tissues.…”

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Terms of Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to Premature Adult Mortalities and Postneonatal Infant Mortalities Attributed to PM2.5 and PM10 Exposures in Kuwait

“…The AirQ+/AirQ2.2 model was shown to be a valid and reliable tool to estimate the potential health impacts from short-term exposures [ 44 , 63 ]. More research is needed on the AirQ+ model to enhance the calculation of health outcome from long-term exposures [ 80 ].…”

Atmospheric sources of trace element contamination in cultivated urban areas: A review

“…There are a variety of instruments and techniques used to sample atmospheric deposition. Many overviews are available regarding atmospheric deposition sampling techniques, instrumentation, and analytical methods that can help build research designs appropriate to CUAs (Amodio et al, 2014;Dämmgen et al, 2005;Elmes & Gasparon, 2017;Grynkiewicz et al, 2003;Popoola, Adebanjo, & Adeoye, 2018). These do not yet appear to have been fully integrated into TE contamination research for CUAs.…”