Elemental content of commercial ‘ready to-feed’ poultry and fish based infant foods in the UK

Занд, Назанин; Chowdhry, Babur Z.; Wray, David S.; Pullen, Frank S.; Snowden, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.034

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The issue of bio‐availability has a high relevance when considering that the intake of all the micronutrients tested herein, based on the standardised menu, is in excess of the RNI (Table ), with the exception of sodium, because of sodium being replaced by potassium in many foods following the Food Standards Agency legislation on reduction of salt (Melo et al, ; Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, ; Zand et al, ). The later highlights an important issue in relation to micronutrient interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health

Loughrill

Wray

Christides

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus in the appropriate ratio of 1-2:1 (Ca:P), in addition to magnesium and vitamin D, is vital for bone health and development of infants. In this feasibility study, the ratio of Ca:P in conjunction with vitamin D and other essential elements (Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn) in a range of commercial infant food products in the UK was investigated. The elemental analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and vitamin D levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantitative data were further evaluated, based on a standardised menu, to measure the total daily intake of an infant aged 7-12 months against the Reference Nutrient Intake. The results from the study show that the Ca:P ratio of the infant's total dietary intake was within the recommended range at 1.49:1. However, the level of intake for each of the nutrients analyzed, with the exception of sodium, was found to be above the Reference Nutrient Intake, which warrants further investigation in relation to both micronutrient interactions and in situations where the intake of fortified infant formula milk is compromised. Finally, as the study is the first to include consumption of infant snack products, the level of total calorie intake was also calculated in order to assess the total daily estimated energy intake; the results indicate that energy intakes exceed recommendations by 42%, which may have implications for obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health

Loughrill

Wray

Christides

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Although the nutrient content and composition of commercial CF are regulated by an EC directive (38), the composition of homemade CF or the extent to which parents abide by the recommended recipes for cooking homemade CF remains unclear. In 2 recent studies, Zand et al showed that the macronutrient content and composition of commercial ''ready-to-feed'' CF in the United Kingdom were within the regulatory requirements, whereas the content of some essential and trace elements did not meet the recommended intakes (41,42). In 2 recent studies, Zand et al showed that the macronutrient content and composition of commercial ''ready-to-feed'' CF in the United Kingdom were within the regulatory requirements, whereas the content of some essential and trace elements did not meet the recommended intakes (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast‐Feeding and Weaning Practices in the DONALD Study

Foterek

Hilbig

Alexy

2014

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…Exposure to heavy metals during growth and development can result in long-term effects on the health of children [5]. Infant foods are the main source of heavy metals intake by this population, primarily due to contamination of raw materials used and rarely by food processing itself [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

Mania¹,

Wojciechowska-Mazurek²,

Starska³

et al. 2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This paper presents results of heavy metals determination in infant foods available in Poland during a monitoring programme in 2009-13. This study investigated levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in infant formulae and other infant foods intended for consumption during the first 6 to 12 months of life, and an intake of heavy metals was assessed. Food consumption data based on the artificial feeding scheme of infants established by the Mother and Child Institute in Poland were taken into account to estimate dietary exposure. The reported levels of elements in infant foods are comparable with contamination of such products in other countries. The mean values for lead do not exceed 0.013 mg/kg (90 th percentile, 0.028 mg/kg). Lead levels in infant formulae (as sold, mainly powder) did not exceed 0.010 mg/kg, while mean contamination was 0.005 mg/kg. The highest mean cadmium level of 0.010 mg/kg was reported in vegetable meal (90 th percentile, 0.017 mg/kg); in infant formulae (undiluted) milk-based it was below 0.003 mg/kg, and for soya-based it was 0.009 mg/kg. Arsenic and mercury contents -highest in fish-based infant foods -did not exceed 0.18 mg/kg and 0.013 mg/kg, respectively. In rice products for infants arsenic did not exceed 0.14 mg/kg. The estimated mean lead exposure was from 0.09 μg/kg b.w. per day for 6-month-old infants to 0.53 μg/kg b.w. per day for 1-year-old children, which was approximately 17% and equal to the respective Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit (BMDL 01 ) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) at 0.50 μg/kg b.w. per day. Mean exposure to cadmium ranges from 0.02 to 0.4 μg/kg b.w. per day, and for 12-month-old infants can slightly exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) value established by EFSA. Dietary cadmium intake represents 2.5-47% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) value established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA). Intake of arsenic and mercury was below respective reference value. Calculated mean dietary exposure to arsenic for children under 1 year old was between 0.11 and 0.99 μg/kg b.w. per day (4-33% BMDL 0.5 value), and to methylmercury 0.01-0.08 μg/kg b.w. per day (7-41% of the TWI value for methylmercury).

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Elemental content of commercial ‘ready to-feed’ poultry and fish based infant foods in the UK

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health

Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health

Breast‐Feeding and Weaning Practices in the DONALD Study

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

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