Elemental mapping using an imaging energy filter: image formation and resolution limits

Image simulation of high resolution energy filtered TEM images

“…This result is similar to Berger and Kohl [21] with the first two components coming from momentum transfer perpendicular to the optical axis and the third component from momentum transfer along the optical axis. Note that in going beyond the dipole approximations there will be more than three terms.…”

“…A group of scientists [21][22][23][24] has already worked on EFTEM image simulations starting from a nonchanneling approach in [21] describing the imaging of single atoms excluding elastic scattering to a full double channeling approach in [22,23] based on approximately solving the time dependent Schrö dinger equation making use of Bloch waves. They show interpretation difficulties in the images obtained due to the mixing of elastic and inelastic scattering which leads to pendellö sung effects in the inelastic images.…”

New possibilities in the observation of nucleic acids by electron spectroscopic imaging

“…It offers quite convenient images for a posteriori digital image recognition and automatic measurement processes [31]. The resolution is maintained at a high level as shown in the paper by Berger and Kohl [32], the spatial resolution increasing regularly with the value of the selected energy loss. The second one, mode 5, is the elastically filtered annular dark-field mode.…”

Quantitative Elemental Distribution Image of a Carbon Nanotube

“…They emphasized that the detection limit is governed by the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, which depends on the instrumental parameters and specimens. The optimum imaging conditions for elemental mapping have been investigated theoretically by Berger and Kohl [3,4]. It has become of interest in recent years to estimate the detection limit.…”