Elemental resonance ionization mass spectrometry: A review

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry

“…An ideal arrangement is to use CW lasers of relatively low power for the bound-bound steps and an additional energy source, such as a pulsed laser, high-power CO2 laser, or electric field, for the ionization step. Such combined processes have proven to be quite satisfactory (5,6). The use of a semiconductor diode laser in combination with another laser was recently reported (9); the former was used for excitation and the latter for ionization in the RIMS process.…”

“…In general, obtaining analytical data by RIMS requires a compromise that involves the selection of a sample atomization method, laser, mass analyzer, and detector. Various studies involving these parameters are described in the literature, and the results are summarized in review articles (4)(5)(6). No one solution is perfect in all respects, and the experimental arrangement must be considered individually for each application.…”

Instrumentation

“…An ideal arrangement is to use CW lasers of relatively low power for the bound-bound steps and an additional energy source, such as a pulsed laser, high-power CO2 laser, or electric field, for the ionization step. Such combined processes have proven to be quite satisfactory (5,6). The use of a semiconductor diode laser in combination with another laser was recently reported (9); the former was used for excitation and the latter for ionization in the RIMS process.…”

“…The blue blocks represent the elements for which experimental resonance ionization data have been obtained, and the number of photons absorbed to create an ion pair is given in the upper right corner of those blue blocks. This information is taken from results summarized in two recent technical reviews (4,6). In some cases, more than one experimental route has been demonstrated; this fact is depicted by showing more than one number in the experimental blocks.…”

“…CellS Pr HD NdfaS Pm 0 SmCLi] Eu 0 GdHT] Tbr-Bi Dy @ Ho 0 Er HH Tm 0 Yb 0 LulIS 5.5 0 5.4 O 5.5 O 5,6 O 5.6 O 5.7 © 6.2 O 5.8 O 5.9 Q 6.0 O 6.1 O 6.2 O 6.3 © 5.4 0 ThES Pa U 0 Np 0 Pu 0 Amt! Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 6.1 5.9 6.2 © 6.3 O 5.7 0 6.0 © 6.2 O 6.2 O 6.3 6.4 © 6.5 6.6 6.6 References to the experimental details are given elsewhere (4,6). RIS schemes are described in detail elsewhere (2); or to oi2 are photons of a particular energy (wavelength); double-headed, wide arrows denote transitions within the atomic state; single-headed arrows denote transitions to the continuum generating an electron (e") and an ion (A+) from the atom (A).…”