Elementary Events of Ferroelectrics Switching using Atomic Force Microscope

New developments on FRAMs: [3D] structures and all-perovskite FETs

“…These exhibit different electrical behaviour including a loss due to OH hydroxyl ion reorientation in fields with a 0.20 eV activation energy [5], as well as a 'perimeter effect' in which domains propagate ballistically around the edge of submicron-geometry capacitors [6]. The latter effect is very similar to that reported subsequently (and independently) by Molotskii et al in very high field devices [7][8][9].…”

Piezoresponse force spectroscopy of ferroelectric-semiconductor materials

“…It has been previously shown 55 that depolarization field energy is created by the bulk 75 ͑Landauer contribution͒ and the surface charges. For the considered case of tip-induced nucleation, upper estimation of depolarization field energy…”

“…This relationship, once established, will be equally applicable to the thermodynamic theory developed in Sec. III, the kinetic theory developed by Molotskii and Shvebelman, 75,79 and for data analysis in the PFM experiment.…”

Domain nucleation and hysteresis loop shape in piezoresponse force spectroscopy

“…The domain wall surface energy has the form: The energy of the depolarization field created by the surface charges ( located on the domain face has the form: Let us underline that the energy (B.6), created by the surface charges was not considered in models 10,18,19 . .…”