Elephants - a conservation overview

Riddle, Heidi S.; Schulte, B.A.; Desai, Ajay A.; Meer, L. van der

doi:10.11609/jott.o2024.653-61

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…From the time the large scale capture was stopped, a sudden spurt in population growth would be expected; directly through the addition of individuals to the population (first generation) by the reproduction of females that should have been captured, and after 18-20 years time, indirectly with the onset of calving by first-generation cows, which would have been checked by large-scale captures. Due to an over-abundance of elephants in this region, the density of favoured food species of the elephants decreased significantly (Sivaganesan & Sathiyanarayanan 1995), and it may become a serious problem in some areas in the near future as it has the potential to degrade the habitats and adversely affect the biodiversity, particularly in areas that are already facing pressure from the surrounding human population (Riddle et al 2010). Therefore, the growing elephant populations and their impact on the natural habitats need to be addressed appropriately.…”

Section: Conservation Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of Asian Elephants in the Western Ghats, southern India: implications for the conservation of Western Ghats ecology

Baskaran¹

2013

J. Threat. Taxa

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Section: Conservation Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of Asian Elephants in the Western Ghats, southern India: implications for the conservation of Western Ghats ecology

Baskaran¹

2013

J. Threat. Taxa

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“…Such CBNRM programs are run in Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. At present, approximately 80% of the current African elephant range in southern Africa is outside formally protected areas (Blanc et al , Abensperg‐Traun ), leading to increased conflict with local communities (Hoare , Jackson et al , Riddle et al ). In both Botswana and Namibia, the CBNRM involve both non‐consumptive and consumptive tourism, whereas over 80% of income derived through the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe is from trophy hunting (Lindsey et al , Blignaut et al ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of elephant hunting across international borders in southern Africa: A case study of the greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area

et al. 2013

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Trophy hunting of African elephant is often implemented as an income generator for communities surrounding protected areas. However, the sustainability of hunting on elephant populations, especially with regards to international cross‐border populations has not previously been evaluated. We assessed the effects of trophy hunting on the population dynamics and movements of elephant in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, which is spread across the junction of Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Currently, no common policy exits in quota setting for cross‐border species, and each country determines their own quota based on limited data. Using VORTEX, we determined the sustainability of current quotas of elephant off‐take under different ecological and hunting scenarios. We used distribution data from 6 aerial surveys and hunting data per region to determine the disturbance effect of hunting on bulls and breeding herds separately. Hunting of bulls had a direct effect in reducing bull numbers but also an indirect effect due to disturbance that resulted in movement of elephants out of the areas in which hunting occurred. The return interval was short for bulls but longer for females. Only a small number of bulls (<10/year) could be hunted sustainably. At current rates of hunting, under average ecological conditions, trophy bulls will disappear from the population in less than 10 years. We recommend a revision of the current quotas within each country for the Greater Mapungubwe elephant population, and the establishment of a single multi‐jurisdictional (cross‐border) management authority regulating the hunting of elephant and other cross‐border species. © 2013 The Wildlife Society

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“…As clearly highlighted in Table 1, there is an obvious deficiency of reference sequences in which all three mtDNA genes (12S, Cytb and COI) are present, both in GenBank and in BOLD for the highly sought after avian species involved in the illegal trade. This disconcerting lack of reference samples for many parrot and cockatoo species may be in part due to the fact that Psittaciformes comprise approximately 359 species [29] compared with other fauna of forensic importance, such as elephant (in regard to the ivory trade), of which there are only a small number of species [41] and [42]. This in itself presents a challenging task of sourcing adequate reference material, with provenance, for each species to build a comprehensive and robust DNA database in which to facilitate the process of DNA species identification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg forensics: An appraisal of DNA sequencing to assist in species identification of illegally smuggled eggs

Coghlan

White

Parkinson

et al. 2012

Forensic Science International: Genetics

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Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are charismatic birds, their plumage and capacity for learning make them highly sought after pets. The illegal trade in parrots and cockatoos poses a serious threat to the viability of native populations; in addition, species transported to non-endemic areas may potentially vector disease and genetically 'pollute' local native avifauna. To reduce the logistical difficulties associated with trafficking live birds, smugglers often transport eggs. This creates a problem for authorities in elucidating accurate species identification without the laborious task of incubation and hand rearing until a morphological identification can be made. Here, we use 99 avian eggs seized from carriers coming into and within Australia, as a result of suspected illegal trade. We investigate and evaluate the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to accurately identify eggs to family, genus or species level. However, Identification of a species based on percentage mtDNA similarities is difficult without good representations of the inter-and intra-levels of species variation.Based on the available reference database, we were able to identify 52% of the eggs to species level.Of those, 10 species from eight genera were detected, all of which belong to the parrot (Psittacidae) and cockatoo (Cacatuidae) families. Of the remaining 48%, a further 36% of eggs were identified to genus level, and 12% identified to family level using our assignment criteria. Clearly the lack of validated DNA reference sequences is hindering our ability to accurately assign a species identity, and accordingly, we advocate that more attention needs to be paid to establishing validated, multi locus mtDNA reference databases for exotic birds that can both assist in genetic identifications and withstand legal scrutiny.

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Elephants - a conservation overview

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

An overview of Asian Elephants in the Western Ghats, southern India: implications for the conservation of Western Ghats ecology

An overview of Asian Elephants in the Western Ghats, southern India: implications for the conservation of Western Ghats ecology

Sustainability of elephant hunting across international borders in southern Africa: A case study of the greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area

Egg forensics: An appraisal of DNA sequencing to assist in species identification of illegally smuggled eggs

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