Elevated antibiotic resistance of Sudanese urinary tract infection bacteria

Saeed, Amir; Ms, Shadia A Hamid; Bayoumi, Magdi; Shanan, Salah; Alouffi, Sultan; Alharbi, Saleh; Alshammari, Fawaz D.; Abd, Hadi

doi:10.17179/excli2017-424

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…E. coli is one of the most common causes of urinary tract infections [ 28 ]. In this study; 7 (13%) E. coli urinary isolates showed multidrug resistance which is in an agreement with Saeed et al [ 29 ] who found that E. coli urinary isolate in Sudan was highly resistant to the most utilized antibiotics, it showed highly resistant rates against ampicillin, amikacin, amoxycillin, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and cephalosporins that have continued to increase in the past decade and now approaches 40%, also E. coli showed high susceptible rates to gentamicin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pod and Thymus vulgaris L. Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates

Alrasheed

Alrasheid

Abdalla

et al. 2023

International Journal of Microbiology

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The indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents has resulted in one of the largest recent global health problems, which is the emergence of bacterial resistance. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of the two medicinal plants; Rosmarinus officinalis pods and Thymus vulgaris leaves on Escherichia coli urinary isolates. Both plants were extracted by absolute ethanol, and various concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extracts were prepared and tested against 53 urinary isolates of E. coli. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using chloramphenicol, gentamycin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin against isolated bacteria. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method. The chemical analysis of both extracts was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The results showed that 88.7% of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to chloramphenicol and 87% were sensitive to gentamycin, while all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 13% of E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The inhibitory zone of R. officinalis extract against E. coli ranged between 8 and 23 mm and for T. vulgaris extract ranged between 8 and 20 mm at concentrations between 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml. The MIC of both extracts against isolates is between 12.5 and 50 mg/ml, while the MBC is between 50 and 100 mg/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging potential of T. vulgaris was 83.09%, followed by R. officinalis (81.26%). The chemical analysis by GC-MS of R. officinalis showed that the most active compounds were: eucalyptol (18.57%), bicycloheptan (10.01%), and octahydrodibenz anthracene (7.44%) and for T. vulgaris the most active compounds were: thymol (5.7%), phytol (7.92%), and hexadecanoic acid (18.51%). R. officinalis and T. vulgaris ethanolic extracts possessed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and were found to be rich natural sources of active constituents used as traditional medicine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pod and Thymus vulgaris L. Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates

Alrasheed

Alrasheid

Abdalla

et al. 2023

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…In this study the overall resistance for all gram negative isolates was 81%, emphasizing that the antibiotic resistance issue is progressing as in 2017 Saeed et al reported that 67% of gram negative bacteria causing UTI were resistant [ 12 ], and providing a strong alarming signal for to optimize treatment according to the resistance profile and to conduct public interventions to limit the extent of the issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In Sudan, UTIs are responsible for large numbers of outpatient visits and hospital-acquired infections, with the prevalence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens increasing [ 11 ]. In 2017 it was reported that more than two-thirds of gram negative isolates causing UTI were resistant in Sudan [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of BlaTEM, BlaSHV, and BlaCTX-M genes of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli causing urinary tract infections in Khartoum State: a cross-sectional study

Mohammedkheir,

Gaafar,

AbdAlla

2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Gram-negative bacilli are the most common etiological agents responsible for urinary tract infections. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli is increasing at a rapid pace globally, which is constraining the available choices for UTI treatment. The objectives of this study are to identify the most common causal organisms of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and to determine their drug resistance patterns. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at El-Amal Hospital, Bahri Teaching Hospital, and Al-Baraha Hospital, Khartoum State, from March to October 2022. Urine samples from patients suspected to have UTI were collected, and patients with confirmed UTI by laboratory investigations and yielded culture growth were enrolled. Antibiotic sensitivity testing and PCR testing of the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were done. Results This study included 50 patients with UTI out of 229 suspected patients (21.8%). The most prominent group of patients was older than 60 years (40%); the majority were females (70%). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolated organism (50%), followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), and Citrobacter freundii (2%). A small percentage of organisms were resistant to colistin (17%). However, 77% were resistant to amikacin, 97.6% to cefotaxime, 96.8% to ceftazidime, 97.6% to ceftriaxone, 96.8% to cefixime, 87.6% to ciprofloxacin, 88.4% to gentamycin, 62% to imipenem, 67.6% to meropenem, 87.6% to norfloxacin, and 95.6% to trimethoprim. The overall resistance of isolated gram-negative organisms was 81%. The most prevalent gene for the resistance was blaTEM (100%), followed by blaCTX-M (94%), and then blaSHV (84%). Conclusion Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the most commonly isolated uropathogens in this study, and the majority were highly resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV are very common in uropathogens.

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“…The frequency of ESBL-positive strains was 52.2%, which was higher than in a similar study on sick patients from three regions in Sudan [ 11 ] and Khartoum state [ 12 ], where the frequency was 42.0% and 45.2%, respectively. Another study among our population found that E. coli is the most frequent gram-negative isolate (54%), and it is resistant to first-line antibiotics [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study among our population found that E. coli is the most frequent gram-negative isolate (54%), and it is resistant to first-line antibiotics [ 10 ]. Other two studies [ 11 , 12 ] have been conducted in the Khartoum state of Sudan, where they found that the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 31% and 38%, respectively, with the predominance of the blaTEM gene (61% and 86%, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of Class A Cephalosporinases and Class D Carbapenemases in Escherichia coli Isolates From a Tertiary Hospital in Sudan

Khalid

2023

Cureus

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Introduction The high prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and rising resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is a global therapeutic concern, are caused by Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producers. It is unclear how E. coli that produces ESBLs spreads throughout Gezira state, Sudan. The study aimed to evaluate the dissemination of class A and class D resistance genes among E. coli and to recognize the antibacterial activity of the locally used cephalosporins and carbapenems. Methods One hundred and fifteen isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were collected from patients who attended a tertiary hospital. The isolates were identified using colony morphology, gram staining, and biochemical tests and checked for 16S rRNA using PCR. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) testing was conducted using agar disk diffusion. Finally, the class A and D resistance genes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. Results The study enrolled 200 patients with UTIs. E. coli isolates were found in 115 (57.5%) urine specimens examined, and 60 (52.2%) of them produced resistance to most locally used antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance pattern was higher against cefepime (100%), ceftizoxime (90%), cefuroxime (81.7%), and ceftriaxone (81.7%) and had lower activity against meropenem (13.3%). The genotypic characterization of class A cephalosporinases was 85% for bla CTX-M , 70% for bla SHV , and 33.3% for bla TEM , while for class D carbapenemases, it was 10% for both bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-51 . Conclusion The considerable antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins and meropenem and the increased predominance of the bla CTX-M and bla SHV genes are serious concerns for the health authorities. Meropenem could still be used as the drug of choice for ESBL-producing E. coli .

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Elevated antibiotic resistance of Sudanese urinary tract infection bacteria

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pod and Thymus vulgaris L. Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pod and Thymus vulgaris L. Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates

Assessment of BlaTEM, BlaSHV, and BlaCTX-M genes of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli causing urinary tract infections in Khartoum State: a cross-sectional study

Dissemination of Class A Cephalosporinases and Class D Carbapenemases in Escherichia coli Isolates From a Tertiary Hospital in Sudan

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