Elevated carbon dioxide affects leaf‐miner performance and plant growth in docks (<i>Rumex</i> spp.)

Salt, D. T.; Brooks, G. L.; Whittaker, J. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00015.x

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3, P=0.045). This suggests that leaf miners compensate for lower foliar nitrogen by eating more leaf material, as other insects are known to do in elevated CO 2 (Lincoln et al 1995;Salt et al 1995;Docherty et al 1996). Such increases in mine area would also cause the ingestion of proportionally more tannins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

et al. 2003

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The unabated increase in global atmospheric CO(2) is expected to induce physiological changes in plants, including reduced foliar nitrogen, which are likely to affect herbivore densities. This study employs a field-based CO(2 )enrichment experiment at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, to examine plant-herbivore (insect) interactions inside eight open-topped chambers with elevated CO(2) (710 ppm) and eight control chambers with ambient CO(2). In elevated CO(2) we found decreased herbivore densities per 100 leaves, especially of leaf miners, across all five plant species we examined: the oak trees Quercus myrtifolia, Q. geminata, and Q. chapmanii, the nitrogen-fixing vine Galactia elliottii and the shrub Vaccinium myrsinites. Both direct and indirect effects of lowered plant nitrogen may influence this decrease in herbivore densities. Direct effects of lowered nitrogen resulted in increased host-plant related death and an increase in compensatory feeding: per capita herbivore leaf consumption in elevated CO(2) was higher than in ambient CO(2). Indirectly, compensatory feeding may have prolonged herbivore development and increased exposure to natural enemies. For all leaf miners we examined, mortality from natural enemies increased in elevated CO(2). These increases in host-plant induced mortality and in attack rates by natural enemies decreased leaf miner survivorship, causing a reduction in leaf miner density per 100 leaves. Despite increased leaf production in elevated CO(2) from the carbon fertilization effect, absolute herbivore abundance per chamber was also reduced in elevated CO(2). Because insects cause premature leaf abscission, we also thought that leaf abscission would be decreased in elevated CO(2). However, for all plant species, leaf abscission was increased in elevated CO(2), suggesting a direct effect of CO(2) on leaf abscission that outweighs the indirect effects of reduced insect densities on leaf abscission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

et al. 2003

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“…Roth and Lindroth (1995) reported that the effects of Cotesia melanoscela on the performance of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., were not signiÞcantly affected by CO 2 . Salt et al (1995) also indicated that predators generally were not affected by high CO 2 in the free air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) experiment used for Pegomya euphorbiae (Kieffer). Stacey and Fellowes (2002) found that the changes in plant quality owing to elevated CO 2 did not seem to alter aphid quality as prey species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of Elevated Co₂on Tri-Trophic Interaction ofGossypium hirsutum,Aphis gossypii, andLeis axyridis

Ge²,

2005

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“…Herbivores may also be affected by increased interspecific competition for the most favored food sources in a high CO 2 environment. Herbivores tend to have higher mortality, lower performance, and longer developmental times when forced to feed on the leaves of single plant species grown at elevated CO 2 (Fajer et al 1991;Roth and Lindroth 1994;Lindroth et al 1995;Salt et al 1995;Traw et al 1996;Roth et al 1997;Williams et al 1997Williams et al , 1998Brooks et al 1998; but see Caulfield and Bunce 1994;Awmack et al 1997). This may contribute to smaller host-specific herbivore populations in the future, but no such response may be seen in less specific herbivores performing alternative feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption rates and food preferences of slugs in a calcareous grassland under current and future CO2 conditions

et al. 2000

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This study explored consumption of a generalist herbivore feeding on leaf tissue of various plant species of a calcareous grassland, and tested whether consumption levels and preferences changed when plants were exposed to 5 years of in situ CO enrichment. The first part of this experiment tested whether the consumption patterns of slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) observed in single-species feeding tests were altered when slugs were given a choice of food sources. Overall consumption increased 270% when slugs were given a choice, and they preferred having a choice of food sources more than they preferred having any one food source. Surprisingly, slugs consumed fewer legumes and grasses and more non-leguminous forbs when given a choice. In the second part of this experiment, feeding behaviors of slugs in response to elevated CO were investigated by feeding them leaves of two legumes, one grass, and a non-leguminous forb (Trifolium medium, Lotus corniculatus, Bromus erectus, and Sanguisorba minor, respectively) in two or four species combinations. In the leguminous species mix, the non-leguminous species mix, and the combined mix (legumes and non-legumes), neither overall consumption by herbivores nor species preference was significantly altered by long-term CO enrichment. In the combined species mix, slugs preferred legumes to non-legumes (P=0.012) and exhibited a weak functional group preference shift from non-legumes to legumes (P=0.089) in response to CO enrichment. This is the first time such a shift has been observed, and provides evidence that there may be multiple herbivore responses to rising atmospheric CO concentrations. Numerous single-species feeding tests using insects have shown that consumption by herbivores may increase when herbivores are fed plants grown in enriched CO atmospheres. This study clearly demonstrates the limited applicability of non-choice feeding trials to generalist herbivores in species-rich communities.

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Elevated carbon dioxide affects leaf‐miner performance and plant growth in docks (Rumex spp.)

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Impact of Elevated Co₂on Tri-Trophic Interaction ofGossypium hirsutum,Aphis gossypii, andLeis axyridis

Consumption rates and food preferences of slugs in a calcareous grassland under current and future CO2 conditions

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Elevated carbon dioxide affects leaf‐miner performance and plant growth in docks (Rumex spp.)

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Impact of Elevated Co2on Tri-Trophic Interaction ofGossypium hirsutum,Aphis gossypii, andLeis axyridis

Consumption rates and food preferences of slugs in a calcareous grassland under current and future CO2 conditions

Contact Info

Product

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About

Impact of Elevated Co₂on Tri-Trophic Interaction ofGossypium hirsutum,Aphis gossypii, andLeis axyridis