Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Stiling, Peter; Moon, Daniel C.; Hunter, Mark D.; Colson, Jamie; Rossi, Anthony; Hymus, Graham J.; Drake, Bert G.

doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1075-5

Cited by 77 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Plants respond to elevated CO 2 through changes in leaf chemistry, which reduce tissue nutritional quality for herbivores. This affects herbivore feeding behavior, development time and predation risk [25], leading to larger effects on community dynamics [26].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity

Miner

Sultan

Morgan

et al. 2005

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

752

632

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity

Miner

Sultan

Morgan

et al. 2005

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

752

632

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Section: Eff Ects Of Elevated Co 2 On Plant Chemistry and Herbivore Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was previously suggested that herbivores would respond to altered plant primary and secondary metabolism under elevated CO 2 by increasing food consumption to compensate for the plant lowered nutritional quality (e.g., Fajer 1989, Marks & Lincoln 1996, by reducing their growth rates and prolonging their development time (e.g., Smith & Jones 1998, Goverde & Erhardt 2003, and by reducing food conversion ef iciency (e.g., Lawler et al 1997, Brooks & Whittaker 1998. These reductions in herbivore performance under CO 2 enrichment would have the potential to increase mortality imposed by natural enemies (e.g., Fajer 1989, Stiling et al 2003, ultimately reducing herbivore abundance, richness and diversity if compared to ambient CO 2 conditions (Fig 1).But, by how much are insects affected by elevated CO 2 conditions? In general, the results of the meta-analysis of Stiling & Cornelissen (2007) demonstrated strong responses of herbivores to elevated CO 2 conditions, such as 1) a decline in insect abundance of almost 22.0% in elevated as compared to ambient CO 2 conditions, 2) an increase of almost 17.0% in consumption rates, 3) an increase of almost 4.0% in development time, 4) a decrease of 9.0% in relative growth rate and of 5) 5.0% in pupal weight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and its effects on terrestrial insects and herbivory patterns

Cornelissen¹

2011

Neotrop. entomol.

193

117

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Climate change and extreme weather events affect plants and animals and the direct impact of anthropogenic climate change has been documented extensively over the past years. In this review, I address the main consequences of elevated CO 2 and O 3 concentrations, elevated temperature and changes in rainfall patterns on the interactions between insects and their host plants. Because of their tight relationship with host plants, insect herbivores are expected to suffer direct and indirect effects of climate change through the changes experienced by their host plants, with consequences to population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem functioning. Introducti onClimate change and extreme weather events affect plants and animals and the direct impact of anthropogenic climate change has been documented on every continent, in every ocean, and in most major taxonomic groups (Parmesan 2006 and references therein). As a consequence of recent human activities and its effects on global climate, plants will face new environmental conditions in the near future, such as elevated CO 2 and O 3 concentrations, elevated temperature and UV radiation, and changes in rainfall patterns over the seasons. Insects represent almost half of the biodiversity so far described (Speight et al 1999) and are central pieces on ecosystem structure and function (Crawley 1983). Because of their tight relationship with host plants, insect herbivores are expected to suffer direct and indirect effects of climate change through the changes experienced by their host plants.Global climatic changes are expected to impact insect-plant interactions in several ways. They might affect insects directly, through changes in physiology, behavior and life history parameters, as well as indirectly, through changes experienced by host plants in their morphology (Barnes et al 1988 (Gifford et al 1996, Yadugiri 2010) and patterns of richness, diversity and abundance (Thuiller et al 2005, Kazakis et al 2007. Insects play important roles in ecosystem services, acting as herbivores, pollinators, predators and parasitoids, and changes in their abundance and diversity have the potential to alter the services they provide (Hillstrom & Lindroth 2008). The number of studies reporting climate change effects on insects has rapidly increased during the past 20 years. A keyword search for "climate change" and "insects" in the Science Citation Index Expanded (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) resulted in almost 500 references, with a sharp increase over the past ive years (277 studies from 2006 to 2010, compared with 102 references from 2001 to 2005). As a result, a great body of literature has accumulated and several other authors reviewed the topic, both qualitatively (e.g., Watt et al 1995, Lindroth 1996, Bezemer & Jones 1998, Parmesan 2006, Tylianakis et al 2008 and quantitatively, using meta-analytical techniques (e.g., Zvereva & Kozlov 2006, Stiling & Cornelissen 2007, Wu et...

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“…Plants grown under elevated CO2 had decreased leaf foliar nitrogen concentrations and increased C:N ratios; there was less damage from herbivores on these lower quality leaves (Stiling et al 2003, Hall et al 2005. Few legacy effects of elevated CO2 were found to persist one year after exposure to elevated CO2 concentrations was terminated; no differences remained in leaf nitrogen concentration or in herbivore densities ).…”

Section: Plant Physiology -Case Studymentioning

confidence: 96%

Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Biodiversity and Ecology

Stys¹,

Foster²,

Fuentes³

et al. 2017

Florida’s Climate: Changes, Variations, &Amp; Impacts

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Florida's rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions Key Messages Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecology• Climate change has differential impacts on: coastal ecosystems, freshwater wetlands, and upland ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems, in particular, are subject to the "squeeze" of human impacts, changing climate, and rising sea levels.• The Florida Keys and the Everglades are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise over the next 50 to 100 years due to their low elevation (typically less than 1 m).• Out of 1,200 species tracked by the Florida Natural Areas Inventory, 25% are likely to lose at least half of their current habitat due to sea level rise alone.• Florida's species have migrated and adapted to climate change in the past, but that ability is severely compromised now due largely to human modification of the landscape. Up to 76% of 236 surveyed species were deemed unlikely to be able to relocate inland in response to rising sea level.• Several keystone species are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and the loss of these species can have cascading impacts on natural communities.• Sea turtles are likely to respond to climate change through altered sex ratios of hatchlings, northward movements of rookeries, decreased reproductive output due to storm events, and potential shifts in foraging ground locations. • BETH STYS ET AL.• Phenology, or the timing of life history events, are likely to change in response to climate shifts, both as the climate becomes warmer but also as it becomes more variable. This is particularly true for plants and can cause major disruptions to co-evolutionary relationships, such as those between pollinators and the plants they pollinate. Existing Stressors and Climate Change• Habitat loss and degradation are the leading causes of extinctions in Florida and globally.The impacts of climate change on species and natural communities are greatly magnified by decreased adaptive capacity due to habitat loss and degradation.• Many invasive species are projected to have enhanced fitness under future climate change scenarios, potentially causing greater disruption to natural communities.• Climate change is projected to increase the vulnerability of native species to foreign and domestic pathogens and parasites.• Overexploited species have diminished capacity to adapt to climate change, making them especially vulnerable. Preserving Biodiversity for the Future• Planning for climate change involves impact assessments, adaptation scenario planning, and research and monitoring.• While many of the ways in which species and natural communities respond to climate change are gradual, other changes can be abrupt and non-linear. These so-called thresholds, trigger points, or paradigm shifts are harder to predict, but are often more consequential than linear patterns of change through time.

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Elevated CO 2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forest

Cited by 77 publications

References 30 publications

Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity

Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity

Climate change and its effects on terrestrial insects and herbivory patterns

Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Biodiversity and Ecology

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