Elevated CO2 concentration promotes photosynthesis of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot noir’) plantlet in vitro by regulating RbcS and Rca revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic profiles

Abstract

BackgroundPlant photosynthesis can be improved by elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2). In vitro growth under CO2 enriched environment can lead to greater biomass accumulation than the conventional in micropropagation. However, little is know about how eCO2 promotes transformation of grape plantlets in vitro from heterotrophic to autotrophic. In addition, how photosynthesis-related genes and their proteins are expressed under eCO2 and the mechanisms of how eCO2 regulates RbcS, Rca and their proteins have not been reported.ResultsGrape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’) plantlets in vitro were cultured with 2% sucrose designated as control (CK), with eCO2 (1000 μmol·mol− 1) as C0, with both 2% sucrose and eCO2 as Cs. Here, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles associated with photosynthesis and growth in leaves of V. vinifera at different CO2 concentration were analyzed. A total of 1814 genes (465 up-regulated and 1349 down-regulated) and 172 proteins (80 up-regulated and 97 down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed in eCO2 compared to CK. Photosynthesis-antenna, photosynthesis and metabolism pathways were enriched based on GO and KEGG. Simultaneously, 9, 6 and 48 proteins were involved in the three pathways, respectively. The leaf area, plantlet height, qP, ΦPSII and ETR increased under eCO2, whereas Fv/Fm and NPQ decreased. Changes of these physiological indexes are related to the function of DEPs. After combined analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic, the results make clear that eCO2 have different effects on gene transcription and translation. RbcS was not correlated with its mRNA level, suggesting that the change in the amount of RbcS is regulated at their transcript levels by eCO2. However, Rca was negatively correlated with its mRNA level, it is suggested that the change in the amount of its corresponding protein is regulated at their translation levels by eCO2.ConclusionsTranscriptomic, proteomic and physiological analysis were used to evaluate eCO2 effects on photosynthesis. The eCO2 triggered the RbcS and Rca up-regulated, thus promoting photosynthesis and then advancing transformation of grape plantlets from heterotrophic to autotrophic. This research will helpful to understand the influence of eCO2 on plant growth and promote reveal the mechanism of plant transformation from heterotrophic to autotrophic.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1644-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

High Temperature and Elevated Carbon Dioxide Modify Berry Composition of Different Clones of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo

“…Indeed, the impact of an increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration on plant carbon metabolism, notably on photosynthesis and respiration processes, has been previously reported (Dusenge et al, 2019). Zhao et al (2019) also demonstrated that photosynthesis of in vitro grape plantlet was promoted by elevated CO 2 concentration. These modifications may directly affect primary and secondary plant metabolism, thus leading to substantial changes in fruit composition.…”

Physiological and molecular basis of promoting leaf growth in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) by CO2 enrichment

“…In grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Pinot Noir'), Zhao et al [17] conducted transcriptome profiling and found that the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain (RbcS) and rubisco activase (Rca) genes are up-regulated upon increased CO 2 concentration, which promotes photosynthesis and accelerates transition of grape plantlets from heterotrophic to autotrophic.…”

Combining gene network, metabolic, and leaf-level models show means to future-proof soybean photosynthesis under rising CO2

“…Our integrated model overcomes this and not only suggests the changes in mRNA levels and how these affect photosynthetic metabolism, but was able to predict the acclimation of photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation that had been observed (Figure 1). Previous studies have reported proteome-level changes in response to elevated CO 2 in soybean and other crop species (Ainsworth and Long, 2005, Bokhari et al, 2007, Taub et al, 2007, Yousuf et al, 2017, Zhao et al, 2019).…”

“…The altered photosynthetic phenotype likely resulted from adjusted enzyme concentrations in soybean leaves grown under ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations. Such CO 2 -induced changes in protein concentrations was shown for total protein concentration in barley, rice, wheat, soybean, and potato (Taub et al, 2007) and for specific proteins via proteomic analysis in rice (Bokhari et al, 2007), wheat (Yousuf et al, 2017), and grape (Zhao et al, 2019). A decrease in the quantity of Rubisco is a pervading feature of plants grown in the field under elevated [CO 2 ] (Ainsworth and Long, 2005).…”