Elevated incidence rates of diabetes in Peru: report from PERUDIAB, a national urban population-based longitudinal study

Abstract

ObjectiveA recent report from a non-nationally representative, geographically diverse sample in four separate communities in Peru suggests an unusually high diabetes incidence. We aimed to estimate the national diabetes incidence rate using PERUDIAB, a probabilistic, national urban population-based longitudinal study.Research design and methods662 subjects without diabetes, selected by multistage, cluster, random sampling of households, representing the 24 administrative and the 3 (coast, highlands and jungle) natural regions across the country, from both sexes, aged 25+ years at baseline, enrolled in 2010–2012, were followed for 3.8 years. New diabetes cases were defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL or on medical diabetes treatment.ResultsThere were 49 cases of diabetes in 2408 person-years follow-up. The weighted cumulative incidence of diabetes was 7.2% while the weighted incidence rate was estimated at 19.5 (95% CI 13.9 to 28.3) new cases per 1000 person-years. Older age, obesity and technical or higher education were statistically associated with the incidence of diabetes.ConclusionOur results confirm that the incidence of diabetes in Peru is among the highest reported globally. The fast economic growth in the last 20 years, high overweight and obesity rates may have triggered this phenomenon.

The Andean Latin-American burden of diabetes attributable to high body mass index: A comparative risk assessment

“…Second, the relative risks were computed from studies in Peru including a wide range of socio-economic, geographic and health profiles, though people from the Amazon region were not studied. However, other prospective cohort study in Peru which included people from the Amazon region reported very similar results to our cohorts [15], supporting the argument that our risk estimates could inform the Amazon region as well. Third, the diabetes prevalence estimates could not separate type 1 and type 2 diabetes.…”

“…Regional expert knowledge was also used to retrieve additional data sources. To the best of our knowledge, three cohort studies have assessed the association between BMI and diabetes in Andean Latin-America [13][14][15], and two of these were accessed and re-analysed for this study [13,14].…”

Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Perú: una revisión sistemática sobre la prevalencia e incidencia en población general

“…Tres de los nueve estudios analizados han hecho seguimiento a sus poblaciones, pudiendo estimar la incidencia de diabetes: el estudio PERU MIGRANT (seguimiento promedio de 7,7 ± 1,1 años), el estudio CRONICAS (seguimiento promedio de 2,4 ± 0,4 años) y PERUDIAB (mediana de seguimiento igual a 3,8 años, mínimo 1,9 y máximo 4,8 años) (25)(26)(27) . En la definición de nuevos casos, los tres estudios incluyeron el autoreporte de diabetes, el consumo de medicamentos para diabetes, o glucosa basal plasmática ≥126 mg/dL.…”

Findrisc, Utility in the Screening of Diabetes, Personalization and Associations

“…La obesidad, ser mayor de 44 años, tener una educación técnica o profesional >12 años o pertenecer a la Población Económicamente Actica (PEA) son predictores de mayor incidencia. El gran crecimiento económico no proporcional al del estilo de vida, seguir una dieta estadounidense por múltiples factores sociales, nos han llevado a estas cifras [2][3][4] .…”