Elevated levels of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in naturally acquired viral rhinitis

Abstract

We studied the cytokines IL(interleukin)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 in nasal lavage samples from 20 patients with naturally acquired viral rhinitis and 5 healthy controls without nasal complaints. IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in lavage fluid from the viral rhinitis patients were significantly elevated when compared to control subjects. IL-4 was not measurable in any of the samples. The cytokine levels in secretions from the healthy controls remained stable intraindividually on 5 consecutive sampling days. We suggest that cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8, but not IL-4, are involved in the pathophysiology of the common cold.

Inhibition of Human Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Production by AG7088, a Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitor

“…These symptoms are associated with a number of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, IL-1␤, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, kinins, and soluble ICAM-1 (27,31,33). IL-6 and IL-8 have been shown to be associated with symptom severity in both natural and experimental rhinovirus infections (39, 45; Turner et al, 36th ICAAC).…”

“…In patients with underlying respiratory disorders, HRV infections may lead to sinusitis, otitis media, and lower-respiratory-tract illnesses and also may lead to exacerbations of asthma, cystic fibrosis, and bronchitis (3). Many of the clinical symptoms observed in patients with HRV-induced respiratory illness, such as sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose, are associated with elevated cytokine levels that can be detected in nasal washings (27,31,33). In addition, experimental HRV infections have been shown to produce an increase in the levels of one or more of the inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1␤, kinins, tumor necrosis factor, histamine, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (32,38,45; R. B. Turner, K. Weingand, C. H. Yeh, et al Abstr.…”

An open label, randomized, multicenter, comparative, three arm Phase II clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mixture of five species of Ocimum in subjects with acute common cold

“…There is evidence that these 'early' cytokines are involved in causing many clinical signs of common cold. Among these proinflammatory cytokines are interferon-a (IFN-a), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1) a and b, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte-attracting chemokines, which induce symptoms such as fever, sore throat and nasal congestion through their stimulating effects on neutrophils and macrophages (Röseler et al, 1995;Netea et al, 2000;Leon, 2002). The selective recruitment and activation of neutrophils seems linked to increased concentrations of IL-8, which has been shown to play a causative role in acute inflammation (Harada et al, 1994).…”

The role of cytokines in infectious sinusitis and nasal polyposis

“…As was shown for allergic and viral rhinitis, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-ip and TNF-a play a prominent role in ongoing inflammatory reactions (19,31) by acting as activating factors for endothelial cells, T cells, and others. The activation of endothelial cells leads to the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as selectins and members of the immunoglobulin supergene family, and initiates a complex procedure called the "adhesion cascade" (32).…”

“…In a pilot study comparing 20 patients with a naturally acquired common cold to five control subjects, we found significantly increased concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-ip, IL-6, and IL-8, but not of the allergy-related cytokine IL-4 (19). We then undertook a study including 130 normal subjects, in whom two baseline nasal lavages were carried out.…”