“…In addition, in long term type 1 diabetic mice that still present residual pancreatic β-cell function, the number of circulating IL-17A+ cells was higher than the number of Tregs, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells [35]. Moreover, serum levels of several Th17 related cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-21, were higher in diabetic patients than in controls [36,37]. In type 2 diabetic patients, there is a low grade systemic inflammation associated with altered T cell populations, including reduced overall T cells, Th17, IL-21R+, Tregs, and TLR4+ T cells, while monocytes show enhanced TLR4 expression; however, the Treg/Th17 ratio was not explored [38].…”