Elevated Levels of Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Triglyceride Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet Is Associated with Polymorphisms of <i>APOA5-</i>1131T>C and <i>APOC3-</i>482C>T in Chinese Healthy Young Adults

Abstract

Background/Aims: Changes in lipid profiles have been shown to be associated with diet and apolipoprotein (APO) polymorphisms. Therefore, 2 polymorphisms, i.e. APOA5-1131T>C and APOC3-482C>T, and serum lipids were examined in a Chinese healthy young population with high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet intervention. Methods: After a wash-out diet for 7 days, 56 young adults (22.89 ± 1.80 years) received the HC/LF diet for 6 days. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting serum lipid profiles at baseline, after the wash-out diet, and after the HC/LF diet were measured. Results: APOA5-1131C carriers had higher triglyceride (TG) and TG-rich lipoprotein TG (TRL-TG) levels at baseline and after the HC/LF diet, though this mainly corresponded to the female cohort. APOC3-482T carriers had higher TRL-TG levels following the wash-out and HC/LF diets, but these were not directly attributable to a single gender. Conclusions: Both polymorphisms may play an important role in the elevated TG and TRL-TG levels induced by the HC/LF diet, especially in females, thus indicating a potential dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in this Chinese cohort.

Consumption of whole grains and legumes modulates the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

“…After 12 weeks, however, -1131C allele carriers showed a significant increase in apoA-V concentrations, and the apoA-V levels of C allele carriers were no longer significantly different from those of TT allele carriers. This result contrasts the previous suggestion that increased triglyceride levels in individuals with the APOA5 -1131C allele after consumption of a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet might possibly result from reducing the translational efficiency of apoA-V in the -1131C allele [13]. This contrasting result could be partly due to increased apoA-V production resulting from high triglyceride induced by a high carbohydrate diet with refined rice.…”

“…The increase in triglyceride in control subjects with the C allele is in agreement with the previous study that APOA5 -1131C-allele carriers had higher triglyceride concentrations in response to a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet (70 and 15% of energy derived from carbohydrate and fat, respectively) in young, healthy, Chinese adults [13]. However, the reduction of triglyceride concentrations by a 9-week low-calorie and low-fat (52 and 30% of energy derived from carbohydrate and fat, respectively) intervention was not associated with the APOA5 -1131 T > C in overweight and obese nondiabetic Czech females [27].…”

“…Although observational studies and intervention trials have shown that APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism interacts with dietary factors (especially dietary fat) in the determination of triglyceride concentrations [8-12], the information on the relationship between the APOA5 -1131 T > C and triglyceride induced by a high carbohydrate diet with different carbohydrate sources is scarce. Lin et al have recently found elevated triglyceride levels induced by a high carbohydrate diet in healthy individuals with the APOA5 -1131C allele [13]. Due to a clear association between diabetic dyslipidemia and APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism [14] and reducing effects of a high legume low glycemic index diet on fasting triglyceride in insulin-resistant subjects [15], it was hypothesized that the substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice in a high carbohydrate diet could attenuate or mask the adverse effects of high carbohydrate intake in individuals with the C allele on the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism.…”

Abdominal fat interacts with PNPLA3 I148M, but not with the APOC3 variant in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C

“…We did not find any triglyceride difference in all groups examined. High triglyceride levels associated with the APOC3 variant have been observed in obese men [28] and as consequence of a specific diet (high carbohydrate, [29]) often in oriental populations. Furthermore, APOC3 polymorphisms have been correlated with altered postprandial lipid metabolism [30].…”

Effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on age-related changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose or new-onset type 2 diabetes as a function of the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism

“…Previous observational studies and intervention trials have shown that the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism interacts with dietary factors, especially dietary fat, to determine triglyceride concentrations [10-14]. Lin et al recently showed that elevated triglyceride levels were induced by a high carbohydrate diet in healthy individuals with the APOA5 -1131C allele [15]. A clear association exists between diabetic dyslipidemia and the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism [16].…”