Elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid in periparturient cows and in vitro effect on respiratory burst activity of bovine neutrophils

Hoeben, Dagmar; Heyneman, Roger; Burvenich, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00031-7

Cited by 100 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Herd A, which was the poorest performer herd, showed very high levels of NO, SOD before calving and very low levels of RB and NO after calving, while SOD was consistently high after the second week after calving. In this herd, an oxidative stress and metabolic impairment could be hypothesised, justifying the SOD pattern, the low RB response and the overall poor herd performances [16,17]. This trial shows that assessing different immune parameters is feasible in field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

et al. 2004

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-During the periparturient period, some impairment of immune defences were observed. Reference values for the different non-specific immune parameters in cows are not generally available, thus limiting the application of these parameters in dairy practice. This paper reports the data on the measurements of different parameters in the blood, and explores the possible influence of the herd on the non-specific immune status of the cow. Five herds located in Northern Italy were selected and overall 39 heifers were enrolled in the trial. Blood samples were taken 14 and 7 days before the expected date of calving, then at 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 75 days after calving. The parameters assessed were N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase), lysozyme, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, haptoglobin, respiratory burst, and serum protein profile. After calving, a significant decrease of respiratory burst and nitric oxide concentration were observed in comparison with the pre-calving values but not with the post-calving samplings. Total proteins, β-and γ-globulins showed a progressive and significant increase in concentration after calving, in comparison with pre-calving values. The results of the study confirmed that a decrease of immune functions can be observed in commercial dairy herds in the first four weeks after calving. The amplitude of this phenomenon is not common to all animals and all herds, suggesting the possibility to reduce the impairment by improved management and genetic selection. heifers / periparturient period / blood / non-specific immunity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

et al. 2004

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“…Clinical ketosis, however, turned out to be detrimental to oocyte quality in vitro; this was presumed to be due to the effect of depleted glucose, rather than high b-OHB concentrations. Thus, the toxicity of b-OHB, as has been described for polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages (Hoeben et al, 1997;Sartorelli et al, 2000), could not be confirmed for cumulus-oocyte complexes. Conversely, it can be assumed, with a high degree of certainty, that inadequate glucose supplies compromise oocyte developmental competence, and this is a conclusion that is in agreement with other studies (Krisher and Bavister, 1998;Cetica et al, 2002;Sutton-McDowall et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

Leroy

Soom

Opsomer

et al. 2008

Animal

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Unsatisfactory reproductive performance in dairy cows, such as reduced conception rates, in addition to an increased incidence of early embryonic mortality, is reported worldwide and has been associated with a period of negative energy balance (NEB) early post partum. Typically, NEB is associated with biochemical changes such as high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), high b-hydroxybutyrate (b-OHB) and low glucose concentrations. The concentrations of these and other metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) of high-yielding dairy cows during NEB were determined and extensively analyzed, and then were replicated in in vitro maturation models to investigate their effect on oocyte quality. The results showed that typical metabolic changes during NEB are well reflected in the FF of the dominant follicle. However, the oocyte seems to be relatively isolated from extremely elevated NEFA or very low glucose concentrations in the blood. Nevertheless, the in vitro maturation models revealed that NEB-associated high NEFA and low glucose levels in the FF are indeed toxic to the oocyte, resulting in deficient oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Induced apoptosis and necrosis in the cumulus cells was particularly obvious. Furthermore, maturation in saturated free fatty acid-rich media had a carry-over effect on embryo quality, leading to reduced cryotolerance of day 7 embryos. Only b-OHB showed an additive toxic effect in moderately hypoglycemic maturation conditions. These in vitro maturation models, based on in vivo observations, suggest that a period of NEB may hamper the fertility of high-yielding dairy cows through increased NEFA and decreased glucose concentrations in the FF directly affecting oocyte quality. In addition to oocyte quality, these results also demonstrate that embryo quality is reduced following an NEB episode. This important observation may be linked to the typical diet provided to stimulate milk yield, or to physiological adaptations sustaining the high milk production. Research into this phenomenon is ongoing.

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“…Several studies have identified potential mechanisms associated with the impairment of the cellular immune function by increased media concentrations of ketones (Franklin et al, 1991;Detilleux et al, 1995). Chemotactic capabilities (Suriyasathaporn et al, 1999) and respiratory burst activity (Hoeben et al, 1997) are reduced in bovine blood PMN when supplemented with BHBA in vitro. Furthermore, Sartorelli et al (1999) observed an inhibition of ovine PMN superoxide anion production, whereas acetoacetate had minimal effects on PMN function indicating that only the ketone body BHBA may impair the immune function during the transition period and periods of PI.…”

Section: Ketonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Ingvartsen

Moyes

2013

Animal

267

214

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The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

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Elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid in periparturient cows and in vitro effect on respiratory burst activity of bovine neutrophils

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

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