Elevated neutralization of Omicron with sera of COVID-19 recovered and breakthrough cases vaccinated with Covaxin than two dose naïve vaccinees

Yadav, Pragya D; Sapkal, Gajanan; Sahay, Rima R.; Patil, Deepak Y.; Deshpande, Gururaj; Jain, Rajlaxmi; Nyayanit, Dimpal A; Shete, Anita M.; Suryawanshi, Annasaheb; Nandapurkar, Ashok; Gurav, Yogesh K.; Abraham, Priya

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.016

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As for COVAXIN, one study found that the levels of neutralizing antibody against Omicron in individuals vaccinated with 2 doses were reduced 8.67~12.49-fold, as compared to B.1 strain. However, even 6 months after initial vaccination, the anti-S1-RBD and nucleocapsid IgG neutralizing antibodies could still be detected [62,63].…”

Section: Inactivated Vaccines (Bbibp-corv Coronavac and Covaxin)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant: a systemic review

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone multiple mutations since its emergence, and its latest variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529), is the most contagious variant of concern (VOC) which poses a major and imminent threat to public health. Since firstly reported by World Health Organization (WHO) in November 2021, Omicron variant has been spreading rapidly and has become the dominant variant in many countries worldwide. Omicron is the most mutated variant so far, containing 60 mutations in its genome, including 37 mutations in the S-protein. Since all current COVID-19 vaccines in use were developed based on ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains, whether they are protective against Omicron is a critical question which has been the center of study currently. In this article, we systemically reviewed the studies regarding the effectiveness of 2-or 3-dose vaccines delivered in either homologous or heterologous manner. The humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by various vaccine regimens to protect against Omicron variant are discussed. Current understanding of the molecular basis underlying immune escape of Omicron was also analyzed. These studies indicate that two doses of vaccination are insufficient to elicit neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron variant. Nevertheless, Omicron-specific humoral immune responses can be enhanced by booster dose of almost all type vaccines in certain degree, and heterologous vaccination strategy may represent a better choice than homogenous regimens. Intriguingly, results of studies indicate that all current vaccines are still able to elicit robust T cell response against Omicron. Future focus should be the development of Omicron variant vaccine, which may induce potent humoral as well as cellular immune responses simultaneously against all known variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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Section: Inactivated Vaccines (Bbibp-corv Coronavac and Covaxin)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant: a systemic review

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…In humans, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of immune responses diminishes post 2 dose COVAXIN® over time, whereas booster dose vaccinations enhance the neutralizing antibody responses against homologous and heterologous variants. 10,20 Apart from B cell mediated immunity, the SARS-CoV-2 specific central and effector memory cells which can aid in cytotoxic function (CD8+ TEMRA phenotype) has been demonstrated in the COVAXIN® recipients. 23 These properties could have attributed to the rapid reduction of viral load after challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breakthrough cases sera as well as COVAXIN® booster dose vaccinee sera demonstrated better neutralizing titres against Omicron and other VOCs in comparison to the two dose vaccinee sera. 20,27 Vaccine effectiveness of 50% was reported against symptomatic and severe disease by Omicron variant within 3 months of the first two doses of Coronavac and a booster dose of the vaccine improved the effectiveness. 28 The vaccine effectiveness studies with the 2 dose regimen of the primary series of mRNA vaccines (Spikevax, Comirnaty), inactivated vaccine (Corona vac), vectored vaccines (Vaxzevria, Ad26.COV2.S.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17–19 Among these variants, Omicron was least effectively neutralized in the in vitro assays. 20 As the cellular immune response is also a major part of the protective immune response mechanism of the body, the mere measurement of neutralizing antibodies in the sera will not tell us the whole story. The vaccine efficacy data of COVAXIN® against Omicron variant is not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective efficacy of COVAXIN® against Delta and Omicron variants in hamster model

Yadav

Mohandas

Shete

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The immunity acquired after natural infection or vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 tend to wane with time. Vaccine effectiveness also varies with the variant of infection. Here, we compared the protective efficacy of COVAXIN® following 2 and 3 dose immunizations against the Delta variant and also studied the efficacy of COVAXIN® against Omicron variants in a Syrian hamster model. The antibody response, clinical observations, viral load reduction and lung disease severity after virus challenge were studied. Protective response in terms of the reduction in lung viral load and lung lesions were observed in both the 2 dose as well as 3 doses COVAXIN® immunized group when compared to placebo group following the Delta variant challenge. In spite of the comparable neutralizing antibody response against the homologous vaccine strain in both the 2 dose and 3 dose immunized groups, considerable reduction in the lung disease severity was observed in the 3 dose immunized group post Delta variant challenge indicating the involvement of cell mediated immune response also in protection. In the vaccine efficacy study against the Omicron variants i.e., BA.1 and BA.2, lesser virus shedding, lung viral load and lung disease severity were observed in the immunized groups in comparison to the placebo groups. The present study shows that administration of COVAXIN® booster dose will enhance the vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant infection and give protection against the Omicron variants BA.1.1 and BA.2.

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“…In addition, the effectiveness of seven representative, widely used vaccines against the pandemic strains B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529 is summarized in Table 2 [ [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [95] , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] , [101] , [102] ]. Vaccine effectiveness appears to be much lower against these recent variants than against the original D614G (B.1) strain.…”

Section: Immunoprotection and Vaccine Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of immunoprotection against coronavirus disease 2019: Novel variants, vaccine inoculation, and complications

Jiang

et al. 2023

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

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Elevated neutralization of Omicron with sera of COVID-19 recovered and breakthrough cases vaccinated with Covaxin than two dose naïve vaccinees

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant: a systemic review

Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant: a systemic review

Protective efficacy of COVAXIN® against Delta and Omicron variants in hamster model

Evaluation of immunoprotection against coronavirus disease 2019: Novel variants, vaccine inoculation, and complications

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